ASTM_D_6595_-_17.pdf

Designation:D659517Standard Test Method forDetermination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in UsedLubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating DiscElectrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6595;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of wearmetals and contaminants in used lubricating oils and usedhydraulic fluids by rotating disc electrode atomic emissionspectroscopy(RDE-AES).1.2 This test method provides a quick indication for abnor-mal wear and the presence of contamination in new or usedlubricants and hydraulic fluids.1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibrationand does not purport to relate quantitatively the values deter-mined as insoluble particles to the dissolved metals.Analyticalresults are particle size dependent and low results may beobtained for those elements present in used oil samples as largeparticles.1.4 The test method is capable of detecting and quantifyingelements resulting from wear and contamination ranging fromdissolved materials to particles approximately 10 m in size.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5.1 The preferred units are mg/kg(ppm by mass).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 burn,vtin emission spectroscopy,to vaporize andexcite a specimen with sufficient energy to generate spectralradiation.3.1.2 calibration,nthe determination of the values of thesignificant parameters by comparison with values indicated bya set of reference standards.3.1.3 calibration curve,nthe graphical or mathematicalrepresentation of a relationship between the assigned(known)values of standards and the measured responses from themeasurement system.3.1.4 calibration standard,na standard having an ac-cepted value(reference value)for use in calibrating a measure-ment instrument or system.3.1.5 emission spectroscopy,nmeasurement of energyspectrum emitted by or from an object under some form ofenergetic stimulation;for example,light,electrical discharge,and so forth.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 arc discharge,na self-sustaining,high currentdensity,high temperature discharge,uniquely characterized bya cathode fall nearly equal to the ionization potential of the gasor vapor in which it exists.3.2.2 check sample,na reference material usually pre-pared by a laboratory for its own use as a calibration standard,as a measurement control standard,or for the qualification of ameasurement method.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved May 1,2017.Published May 2017.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6595 16.DOI:10.1520/D6595-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.3 contaminant,nmaterial in an oil sample that maycause abnormal wear or lubricant degradation.3.2.4 counter electrode,neither of two graphite electrodesin an atomic emission spectrometer across which an arc orspark is generated.3.2.5 graphite disc electrode,na soft form of the elementcarbon manufactured into the shape