ASTM_D_6066_-_11.pdf

Designation:D606611Standard Practice forDetermining the Normalized Penetration Resistance ofSands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6066;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice outlines a procedure to obtain a record ofnormalized resistance of sands to the penetration of a standardsampler driven by a standard energy for estimating soilliquefaction potential during earthquakes.The normalizedpenetration resistance determined in this practice may be usefulfor determination of other engineering properties of sands.1.2 This practice uses Test Method D1586 with additionsand modifications to minimize disturbance of saturated loosecohesionless sands during drilling.This practice combinesresults of Test Method D1586 and interprets the data fornormalization purposes.1.3 Due to inherent variability of the SPT,guidance is givenon test configuration and energy adjustments.Penetrationresistance is adjusted for energy delivered in the penetrationtest.Energy adjustments can be estimated or measured andreported.1.4 Standard practice for normalizing penetration resistancevalues is given.Penetration resistance data are normalized to astandard overburden stress level.1.5 The normalized penetration resistance data may be usedto estimate liquefaction resistance of saturated sands fromearthquake shaking.Evaluation of liquefaction resistance maybe applied to natural ground conditions or foundations foreither planned or existing structures.1.6 Using this practice representative disturbed samples ofthe soil can be collected for identification purposes.1.7 This practice is limited to use in cohesionless soils(seeTest Method D2487 and classifications of SM,SW,SP,SP-SM,and SW-SM Practice D2488).In most cases,testing is per-formed in saturated deposits below the water table.In somecases,dry sands may be tested(see 5.4).This practice is notapplicable to lithified materials or fine grained soils.Gravel caninterfere with the test and result in elevated penetrationresistance values.Normalization of penetration resistance val-ues for gravelly soils is beyond the scope of this practice.1.8 Penetration resistance measurements often will involvesafety planning,administration,and documentation.This prac-tice does not purport to address all aspects of exploration andsite safety.This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Performance of thetest usually involves use of a drill rig;therefore,safetyrequirements as outlined in applicable safety standards.Forexample,OSHA regulations,2DCDMA safety manual,3drill-ing safety manuals,and other applicable state and localregulations must be observed.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.Within the text,the SI units,are shown inparentheses.The values stated in each system are notequivalents,therefore,each system must be used independentlyof the other.1.9.1 In pressure correction calculations,common units areton/ft2,kg/cm2,atm,and bars.Since these units are approxi-mately equal(within a factor of 1.1),many engineers prefer theuse of these units in stress correction calculations.For thoseusing kPa or kN/m2,100 kPa is approximately equal to oneton/ft2.The stress exponent,n,(see 3.3.2)is approximatelyequal for these units.1.10 This practice may not be applicable in some countries,states,or localities,where rules or standards may differ forapplying penetration resistance to liquefaction estimates.Otherpractices exist for estimating soil instability from penetrationresistance data.Procedures may change with advances ingeotechnical engineering.It is dependent on the user inconsultation with experienced engineers to select appropriatemethods and correction to data.In earthquake engineeringstudies,many phenomena can affect soil instability.Thepractice reflects only one current exploration technique and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling andRelated Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved Dec.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D606696(2004).DOI:10.1520/D6066-11.2Available from OSHA,1825 K.Street,NW,Washington,DC 20006.3Available from the National DrillingAssociation,6089 Frantz Road,Suite 101,Dublin,Ohio 43017.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 method for normal