ASTM_D_6028_-_96_2010e1.pdf

Designation:D602896(Reapproved 2010)1Standard Test Method(Analytical Procedure)forDetermining Hydraulic Properties of a Confined AquiferTaking into Consideration Storage of Water in LeakyConfining Beds by Modified Hantush Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6028;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe units statement in 1.4 was revised editorially in August 2010.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure fordetermining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of aconfined aquifer taking into consideration the change in storageof water in overlying or underlying confining beds,or both.This test method is used to analyze water-level or head datacollected from one or more observation wells or piezometersduring the pumping of water from a control well at a constantrate.With appropriate changes in sign,this test method also canbe used to analyze the effects of injecting water into a controlwell at a constant rate.1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction withTest Method D4050.1.3 LimitationsThe valid use of the modified Hantushmethod(1)2is limited to the determination of hydraulicproperties for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reason-able correspondence to the assumptions of the Hantush-Jacobmethod(Test Method D6029)with the exception that in thiscase the gain or loss of water in storage in the confining bedsis taken into consideration(see 5.1).All possible combinationsof impermeable beds and source beds(for example,beds inwhich the head remains uniform)are considered on the distalside of the leaky beds that confine the aquifer of interest(seeFig.1).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD4050 Test Method for(Field Procedure)for Withdrawaland Injection Well Testing for Determining HydraulicProperties of Aquifer SystemsD4106 Test Method for(Analytical Procedure)for Deter-mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis NonequilibriumMethodD6029 Test Method(Analytical Procedure)for DeterminingHydraulic Properties of a Confined Aquifer and a LeakyConfining Bed with Negligible Storage by the Hantush-Jacob Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aquifer,confined,nan aquifer bounded above andbelow by confining beds and in which the static head is abovethe top of the aquifer.3.1.2 aquifer,unconfined,nan aquifer is unconfined whereit has a water table.3.1.3 coeffcient of leakage,nsee leakance.3.1.4 confining bed,na hydrogeologic unit of less perme-able material bounding one or more aquifers.3.1.5 control well,nwell by which the head and flow inthe aquifer is changed,for example,by pumping,injection,orchange of head.3.1.6 drawdown,nvertical distance the static head islowered due to the removal of water.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil andRockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug.1,2010.Published September 2010.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previou edition approved in 2004 as D602896(2004).DOI:10.1520/D6028-96R10E01.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis test method.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.7 head,nsee head,static.3.1.8 head,static,nthe height above a standard datum ofthe surface of a column of water(or other liquid)that can besupported by the static pressure at a given point.3.1.9 hydraulic conductivity,n(field aquifer test)the vol-ume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will movein a unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient through a unitarea measured at right angles to the direction of flow.3.1.10 leakance,nthe ratio of the vertical hydraulic con-ductivity of a confining bed to its thickness.3.1.11 observation well,na well open to all or part of anaquifer.FIG.1 Cross Sections Through Discharging Wells in Leaky Aquifers with Storage of Water in the Confining Beds,Illustrating ThreeDifferent Cases of Bo