ASTM_D_6706_-_01_2013.pdf

Designation:D670601(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6706;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Resistance of a geosynthetic to pullout from soil isdetermined using a laboratory pullout box.1.2 The test method is intended to be a performance testconducted as closely as possible to replicate design or as-builtconditions.It can also be used to compare differentgeosynthetics,soil types,etc.,and thereby be used as a researchand development test procedure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values stated in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,andequipment.This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils UnderConsolidated Drained ConditionsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 apertures,nthe open spaces in geogrids whichenable soil interlocking to occur.3.1.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics,nair main-tained at a relative humidity of 60 6 10%and a temperatureof 21 6 2C(70 6 4F).3.1.3 cross-machine direction,nthe direction in the planeof the geosynthetic perpendicular to the direction of manufac-ture.3.1.4 failure,na defined point at which a material ceasesto be functionally capable of its intended use.3.1.5 geosynthetic,na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project,structure,or system.(D4439)3.1.6 junction,nthe point where geogrid ribs are intercon-nected in order to provide structure and dimensional stability.3.1.7 machine direction,nthe direction in the plane of thegeosynthetic parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.1.8 pullout,nthe movement of a geosynthetic over itsentire embedded length,with initial pullout occurring when theback of the specimen moves,and ultimate pullout occurringwhen the movement is uniform over the entire embeddedlength.3.1.9 pullout force,(kN),nforce required to pull a geo-synthetic out of the soil during a pullout test.3.1.10 pullout resistance,(kN/m),nthe pullout force perwidth of geosynthetic measured at a specified condition ofdisplacement.3.1.11 rib,nthe continuous elements of a geogrid whichare either in the machine or cross-machine direction asmanufactured.3.1.12 ultimate pullout resistance,(kN/m),nthe maxi-mum pullout resistance measured during a pullout test.3.1.13 wire gage,na displacement gage consisting of anon extensible wire attached to the geosynthetic and monitoredby connection to a dial extensometer,or electronic displace-ment transducer.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test methodrefer to Terminology D123,D653,and D4439.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D670601(2007).DOI:10.1520/D6706-01R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this method,a geosynthetic is embedded between twolayers of soil,horizontal force is applied to the geosyntheticand the force required to pull the geosynthetic out of the soil isrecorded.4.2 Pullout resistance is obtained by dividing the maximumload by the test specimen width.4.3 The test is performed while subjected to normal com-pressive stresses which are applied to the top soil layer.4.4 A plot of maximum pullout resistance versus appliednormal stress is obtained by conducting a series of such tests.5.Significance and Use5.1 The pullout test method is intended as a performancetest to provide the user with a set of design values for the testconditions examined.5.1.1 The test method is ap