ASTM_D_6480_-_05_2010.pdf

Designation:D648005(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forWipe Sampling of Surfaces,Indirect Preparation,andAnalysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loadingby Transmission Electron Microscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6480;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure to identify asbestosin samples wiped from surfaces and to provide an estimate ofthe concentration of asbestos reported as the number ofasbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface.Theprocedure outlined in this test method employs an indirectsample preparation technique.It is intended to disperse aggre-gated asbestos into fundamental fibrils,fiber bundles,clusters,or matrices.However,as with all indirect sample preparationtechniques,the asbestos observed for quantification may notrepresent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled.Morespecifically,the procedure described neither creates nor de-stroys asbestos,but it may alter the physical form of themineral fiber aggregates.1.2 This test method describes the equipment and proce-dures necessary for wipe sampling of surfaces for levels ofasbestos structures.The sample is collected onto a particle-freewipe material(wipe)from the surface of a sampling area thatmay contain asbestos.1.2.1 The collection efficiency of this wipe sampling tech-nique is unknown and will vary among substrates.Propertiesinfluencing collection efficiency include surface texture,adhesiveness,and other factors.1.2.2 This test method is generally applicable for an esti-mate of the surface loading of asbestos structures starting fromapproximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre.1.3 Asbestos identification by transmission electron micros-copy(TEM)is based on morphology,electron diffraction(ED),and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA).1.4 This test method allows determination of the type(s)ofasbestos fibers present.1.4.1 This test method cannot always discriminate betweenindividual fibers of the asbestos and nonasbestos analogues ofthe same amphibole mineral.1.4.2 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestosfibers that can be detected.However,in practice,the lowerlimit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers,that can be detected,is variable and dependent on individual microscopists.Therefore,a minimum length of 0.5 m has been defined as theshortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this test method to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias ofMethods of Committee D222.2 Government Standard:340 CFR 763,USEPA,Asbestos-Containing Materials inSchools:Final Rule and Notice,AppendixAto Sub-part E2.3 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Standards:3EPA 600/4-83-043 Analytical Method for the Determinationof Asbestos in WaterEPA 747-R-95-001 USEPA,Residential Sampling for Lead:Protocols for Dust and Soil Sampling:Final Report3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thistest method,refer to Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling andAnalysis of Asbestos.Current edition approved Oct.1,2010.Published November 2010.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6480-05.DOI:10.1520/D6480-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 amphibole asbestosamphibole in an asbestiformhabit(1).43.2.2 analytical sensitivitythe calculated asbestos struc-ture concentration in asbestos structures/square centimetre,equivalent to counting of one asbestos structure in the analysiscalculated using Eq 2.3.2.3 asbestosa collective term that describes a group ofnaturally occurring,inorganic,highly fibrous,silicate minerals,that are easily separated into long,thin,flexible,strong fiberswhen crushed or p