ASTM_D_6035_-_D_6035M_-_19.pdf

Designation:D6035/D6035M19Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Effect of Freeze-Thaw on HydraulicConductivity of Compacted or Intact Soil Specimens Usinga Flexible Wall Permeameter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6035/D6035M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover laboratory measurement of theeffect of freeze-thaw on the hydraulic conductivity of com-pacted or intact soil specimens using Test Method D5084 anda flexible wall permeameter to determine hydraulic conductiv-ity.These test methods do not provide steps to performsampling of,or testing of,in situ soils that have already beensubjected to freeze-thaw conditions.Test Method A uses aspecimen for each hydraulic conductivity determination that issubjected to freeze/thaw while Test Method B uses onespecimen for the entire test method(that is,the same specimenis used for each hydraulic conductivity).1.2 These test methods may be used with intact specimens(block or thin-walled)or laboratory compacted specimens andshall be used for soils that have an initial hydraulic conduc-tivity less than or equal to 1E-5 m/s 3.94 E-4 in./s(1E-3 cm/s)(Note 1).NOTE1The maximum initial hydraulic conductivity is given as 1 E-5m/s 3.94 E-4 in./s.This should also apply to the final hydraulicconductivity.It is expected that if the initial hydraulic conductivity is 1E-5 m/s(3.94 E-4 in./s),then the final hydraulic conductivity will notchange(increase)significantly(that is,greater than 1 E-5 m/s)(3.94 E-4in./s).1.3 Soil specimens tested using this test method can besubjected to three-dimensional freeze-thaw(herein referred toas 3-d)or one-dimensional freeze-thaw(herein referred to as1-d).(For a discussion of one-dimensional freezing versusthree-dimensional freezing,refer to Zimmie and LaPlante orOthman,et al.2,3)1.4 Soil specimens tested using this test method can betested in a closed system(that is,no access to an externalsupply of water during freezing)or an open system.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof the test methods ro consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units or inch-pound units(presented in brackets)are to be regarded separately asstandard.The values stated in each system may not be exactequivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independentlyof the other.Combining values from the two systems mayresult in non-conformance with the standard.Reporting of testresults in units other than SI shall not be regarded as noncon-formance with this test method.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.19 on Frozen Soils andRock.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published November 2019.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6035 13.DOI:10.1520/D6035_D6035M-19.2Zimmie,T.F.,and La Plante,C.,“The Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on thePermeability of a Fine-Grained Soil,”Hazardous and Industrial Wastes,Proceed-ings of the Twenty-Second Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference,Joseph P.Martin,Shi-Chieh Cheng,and Mary Ann Susavidge,eds.,Drexel University,1990,pp.580593.3Othman,M.A.,Benson,C.H.,Chamberlain,E.J.,and Zimmie,T.F.,“Laboratory Testing to Evaluate Changes in Hydraulic Conductivity of CompactedClays Caused by Freeze-Thaw:State-of-the-Art,”Hydraulic Conductivity andWaste Contaminant Transport in Soils,ASTM STP 1142,David E.Daniel,andStephen J.Trautwein,eds.,American Society for Testing and Materials,Conshohocken,PA,pp.227254.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCop