ASTM_D_6128_-_16.pdf

Designation:D612816Standard Test Method forShear Testing of Bulk Solids Using the Jenike Shear Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6128;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This method2covers the apparatus and procedures formeasuring the cohesive strength of bulk solids during bothcontinuous flow and after storage at rest.In addition,measure-ments of internal friction,bulk density,and wall friction onvarious wall surfaces are included.1.2 This standard is not applicable to testing bulk solids thatdo not reach the steady state requirement within the travel limitof the shear cell.It is difficult to classify ahead of time whichbulk solids cannot be tested,but one example may be thoseconsisting of highly elastic particles.1.3 The most common use of this information is in thedesign of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppagesdue to arching and ratholing,including the slope and smooth-ness of hopper walls to provide mass flow.Parameters forstructural design of such equipment also may be derived fromthis data.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated,in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measure are included in thisstandard1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor common definitions of technical termsin this standard,refer to Terminology D653.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative specimen of bulk solid is placed in ashear cell of specific dimensions.This specimen is preconsoli-dated by twisting the shear cell cover while applying acompressive load normal to the cover.4.2 When running an instantaneous or time shear test,anormal load is applied to the cover,and the specimen ispresheared until a steady state shear value has been reached.4.3 An instantaneous test is run by shearing the specimenunder a reduced normal load until the shear force goes througha maximum value and then begins to decrease.1This testing method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Character-ization and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.Current edition approved Feb.1,2016.Published March 2016.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6128 14.DOI:10.1520/D6128-14.2This test method is based on the“Standard Shear Testing Technique forParticulate Solids Using the Jenike Shear Cell,”a report of the EFCE Working Partyon the Mechanics of Particulate Solids.Copyright is held by the Institution ofChemical Engineers and the European Federation of Chemical Engineering.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.4 A time shear test is run similarly to an instantaneousshear test,except that the specimen is placed in a consolidationbench between preshear and shear.4.5 A wall friction test is run by sliding the specimen