Designation:D6311−98(Reapproved2022)StandardGuideforGenerationofEnvironmentalDataRelatedtoWasteManagementActivities:SelectionandOptimizationofSamplingDesign1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD6311;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisdocumentprovidespracticalguidanceonthese-lectionandoptimizationofsampledesignsinwastemanage-mentsamplingactivities,withinthecontextoftherequire-mentsestablishedbythedataqualityobjectivesorotherplanningprocess.1.2Thisdocument(1)providesguidanceforselectionofsamplingdesigns;(2)outlinestechniquestooptimizecandidatedesigns;and(3)describesthevariablesthatneedtobebalancedinchoosingthefinaloptimizeddesign.1.3Thecontentsofthisguidearearrangedbysectionasfollows:1.Scope2.ReferencedDocuments3.Terminology4.SignificanceandUse5.SummaryofGuide6.FactorsAffectingSamplingDesignSelection6.1SamplingDesignPerformanceCharacteristics6.2RegulatoryConsiderations6.3ProjectObjectives6.4KnowledgeoftheSite6.5PhysicalSampleIssues6.6CommunicationwiththeLaboratory6.7AnalyticalTurnAroundTime6.8AnalyticalMethodConstraints6.9HealthandSafety6.10Budget/CostConsiderations6.11Representativeness7.InitialDesignSelection8.OptimizationCriteria9.OptimizationProcess9.2PracticalEvaluationofDesignAlternatives9.3StatisticalandCostEvaluation10.FinalSelectionAnnexA1TypesofSamplingDesignsA1.1CommonlyUsedSamplingDesignsA1.2SamplingDesignToolsA1.3CombinationSampleDesignsAppendixX1.AdditionalReferencesAppendixX2.ChoosingAnalyticalMethodBasedonVarianceandCostAppendixX3.CalculatingtheNumberofSamples:AStatisticalTreatment1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafety,health,andenvironmentalpracticesanddeter-minetheapplicabilityofregulat...
