ASTM_D_5906_-_02_2013.pdf

Designation:D590602(Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forMeasuring Horizontal Positioning During Measurements ofSurface Water Depths1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5906;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures commonlyused to establish a measurement of horizontal position duringinvestigations of surface water bodies that are as follows:SectionsProcedure AManual Measurement7 to 12Procedure BOptical Measurement13 to 17Procedure CElectronic Measurement18 to 271.1.1 The narrative specifies horizontal positioning termi-nology and describes manual,optical,and electronic measuringequipment and techniques.1.2 The references cited contain information that may helpin the design of a high quality measurement program.1.3 The information provided on horizontal positioning isdescriptive in nature and not intended to endorse any particularitem of manufactured equipment or procedure.1.4 This guide pertains to determining horizontal position ofa depth measurement in quiescent or low velocity flow.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The SI units in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water by Velocity-Area MethodD4410 Terminology for Fluvial SedimentD4581 Guide for Measurement of Morphologic Character-istics of Surface Water Bodies(Withdrawn 2013)3D5073 Practice for Depth Measurement of Surface WaterD5173 Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of CarbonCompounds in Water by Chemical Oxidation,by UVLight Oxidation,by Both,or by High Temperature Com-bustion Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by ElectrolyticConductivity3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:For definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accuracyrefers to how close a measurement is to thetrue or actual value.(See Terminology D1129.)3.2.2 baselinethe primary reference line for use in mea-suring azimuth angles and positioning distances.3.2.3 continuous wave systeman electronic positioningsystem in which the signal transmitted between the transmitterand responder stations travels as a wave having constantfrequency and amplitude.3.2.4 electronicdistancemeasurement(EDM)measurement of distance using pulsing or phase comparisonsystems.3.2.5 electronic positioning system(EPS)a system thatreceives two or more EDM to obtain a position.3.2.6 global positioning system(GPS)a global positioningsystem(GPS)is a satellite-based EDM system used in deter-mining Cartesian coordinates(x,y,z)of a position by means ofradio signals from NAVSTAR satellites.3.2.7 horizontal controla series of connected lines whoseazimuths and lengths have been determined by triangulation,trilateration,and traversing.3.2.8 line of position(LOP)locus of points establishedalong a rangeline.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5906 02.DOI:10.1520/D5906-02R07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.9 precisionrefers to how close a set of measurementscan be repeated.(See Terminology D1129.)3.2.10 pulsed wave systeman electronic positioning sys-tem in which the signal from the transmitting station to thereflecting station travels in an electromagnetic wave pulse.3.2.11 rangedistance to a point measured by physical,optical,or electronic means.3.2.12 range linean imaginary,straight line extendingacross a body of water between fixed shore markings.3.2.13 range line markerssite poles or other identifiableobjects used for positioning alignment on a range line.3.2.14 shore markingsany object,natural or artificial,thatcan be used as a reference for maintaining boat alignment orestablishing the boats position as it moves along it course.Examples in