ASTM_D_5890_-_11.pdf

Designation:D589011Standard Test Method forSwell Index of Clay Mineral Component of GeosyntheticClay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers an index method that enablesthe evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral inreagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeabilityor hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners(GCL).1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia(USP)test method for bentonite.1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constantweight at 105 6 5C;granular clay mineral should be groundto a 100%passing a 100 mesh U.S.Standard Sieve with aminimum of 65%passing a 200 mesh U.S.Standard Sieve.The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S.Standard Sieve isused for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5C.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 his standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements aregiven in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4643 Test Method for Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil by Microwave Oven HeatingD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andConstruction Materials TestingE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers andGranular Pesticides2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:USP-NF-XVII Bentonite33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 geosynthetic,na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project,structure,or system.3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner,na factory manufacturedhydraulic barrier consisting of clay supported by geotextiles,orgeomembranes,or both,that are held together by needling,stitching,or chemical adhesives.3.1.3 moisture content,nthat part of the mass of ageosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water,compared to themass of dry clay.3.1.4 oven-dried,adjthe condition of a material that hasbeen heated under prescribed conditions of temperature andhumidity until there is no further significant change in its mass.4.Significance and Use4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCLsystems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,waste,or ground water through the liner.4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect thehydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite.This test methodevaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates toperformance.5.Apparatus5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill,forgrinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-thetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published October 2011.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5890-06.DOI:10.1520/D5890-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Pharmacopeia(USP),12601 Twinbrook Pkwy.,Rockville,MD 20852.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 U.S.Standard Sieve,100 mesh,200 mesh,and auto-mated sieve shaker.5.3 Drying Oven,thermostatically controlled,preferablyforced draft type,meeting requirements of Specification E145and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 105 65C throughout the drying chamber.5.4 Desiccator,of suitable size containing indicator silicagel.It is preferable to use desiccant which changes color toindicate when it needs reconstitution.5.5 Laboratory Balance,100-g capacity,60.01-g accuracyand precision.5.6 Weighing Paper,or small weighing dish.5.7 Glass Cylinder,graduated TC(to contain),Class Avolumetrically calibrated,with 1-mL subdivisions and groundglass stopper,high form with approximately 180-mm heightfrom inside base to 100-mL mark.5.8 Wash Bottle,for dispensing reagent water.5.9 Spatula,flat-blade,to dispe