ASTM_D_6105_-_04_2012.pdf

Designation:D610504(Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forApplication of Electrical Discharge Surface Treatment(Activation)of Plastics for Adhesive Bonding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6105;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers various electrical discharge treat-ments to be used to enhance the ability of polymeric substratesto be adhesively bonded.This practice does not includeadditional information on the preparation of test specimens ortesting conditions as they are covered in the variousASTM testmethods or specifications for specific materials.1.2 The types of discharge phenomena that are used forsurface modification of polymers fit into the general categoryof nonequilibrium or non-thermal discharges in which electrontemperature(mean energy)greatly exceeds the gas tempera-ture.1.3 The technologies included in this practice are:TechnologySectionGas plasma at reduced pressure8Electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure9AC dielectric barrier discharge9.1High Frequency Apparatus9.1.1Suppressed Spark Apparatus9.1.2Arc Plasma Apparatus9.2Glow Discharge Apparatus9.3NOTE1The term“corona treatment”has been applied sometimes inthe literature to the different electrical discharge treatment technologiesdescribed in Section 9.This practice defines each electrical dischargetreatment technology at atmospheric pressure presented in Section 9 anddraws the necessary distinctions between them and corona discharge.SeeTest Method D1868 for“corona discharge.”1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements appear in Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D724 Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper(Angle-of-Contact Method)(Withdrawn 2009)3D907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1868 Test Method for Detection and Measurement ofPartial Discharge(Corona)Pulses in Evaluation of Insu-lation SystemsD2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene andPolypropylene FilmsD2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces forAdhesiveBondingD5946 Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Us-ing Water Contact Angle Measurements3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms are defined in TerminologyD907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 AC dielectric barrier discharge,na self-sustainingAC discharge in relatively short gaps with a solid dielectriclayer,where the discharge bridges the entire air gap.3.2.2 contact angle,nthe angle in degrees between thesubstrate surface and the tangent line drawn to the dropletsurface from the three-phase point.3.2.3 corona,nvisible partial discharges in gases adjacentto a conductor.3.2.4 corona treatment,nsee Note 1.3.2.5 electrical discharge,nany of several types of elec-trical breakdown of gases,primarily air.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe type of discharge depends uponseveral controllable factors,such as electrode geometry,gaspressure,power supply impedance,etc.When,at atmosphericpressure,the voltage reaches a certain critical value,the current1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesivesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.Current edition approved May 1,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6105 97(2004).DOI:10.1520/D6105-04R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 increases very rapidly and a spark results in the establishmentof one of the self-sustaining discharges,such as corona,arc,glow and dielectric barrier discharge.In many electricaldischarges,ionized regions called plasma exist.3.2.6 electrical discharge treatment,nactivation of apolymer surface using electrical discharges to increase surfaceenergy and create polar functional groups on the polymersurface;nonequilibrium discharges are used primarily forsurface treatment.3.2.7 electric arc,na self-sustaining discharge in the gapbetween two electrodes having a low voltage drop and capableof supporting large currents.3.2.8 gas plasma,nextremely reactive,partially ionizedgas consisting of free