ASTM_D_5890_-_19.pdf

Designation:D589019Standard Test Method forSwell Index of Clay Mineral Component of GeosyntheticClay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers an index method that enablesthe evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral inreagent water for estimation of its usefulness in geosyntheticclay liners(GCLs).This test method is not applicable for clayswith polymers.1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia(USP-NF-XVII)test method for bentonite.1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constantweight at 105 6 5 C;granular clay mineral should be groundto 100%passing a 150-m(No.100)U.S.Standard Sieve witha minimum of 65%passing a 75-m(No.200)U.S.StandardSieve.The bentonite passing the 150-m U.S.Standard Sieveis used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 65 C.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4643 Test Method for Determination of Water Content ofSoil and Rock by Microwave Oven HeatingD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andConstruction Materials TestingE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers andGranular Pesticides2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:3USP-NF-XVII Bentonite3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 oven-dried,adjthe condition of a material that hasbeen heated under prescribed conditions of temperature andhumidity until there is no further significant change in its mass.4.Significance and Use4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCLsystems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,waste,or ground water through the liner.4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and affect thehydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite.This test methodevaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates toperformance.5.Atmosphere Conditions5.1 Atmospheric ConditionsThe atmospheric conditionsof the laboratory performing swell index of clay mineral1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-thetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved May 1,2019.Published May 2019.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D5890 18.DOI:10.1520/D5890-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Pharmacopeia(USP),12601 Twinbrook Pkwy.,Rockville,MD 20852.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 component of geosynthetic clay liners shall be:relative humid-ity between 50 to 70%and a temperature of 21 6 2 C(70 64 F).6.Apparatus6.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill,forgrinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.6.2 U.S.Standard Sieve,150 m(No.100),75 m(No.200).6.3 Drying Oven,thermostatically controlled,preferablyforced-draft type,meeting requirements of Specification E145,and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 105 65 C throughout the drying chamber.6.4 Desiccator,of suitable size,containing indicator silicagel.It is preferable to use desiccant which changes color toindicate when it needs reconstitution.6.5 Laboratory Balance,100-g capa