ASTM_D_6249_-_06_2011.pdf

Designation:D624906(Reapproved 2011)Standard Guide forAlkaline Stabilization of Wastewater Treatment PlantResiduals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6249;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This document provides guidance for use of reactivealkaline materials(quicklime,hydrated lime,high lime fly ash,or other byproducts)for treating wastewater solids(biosolids)to reduce pathogen levels and achieve compliance with regu-latory requirements.Federal(40 CFR,Part 503)regulations foruse or disposal of biosolids became effective on March 22,1993;refer to USEPA regulations and guidance documents forinformation on other treatment processes or for specific re-quirements for use or disposal of biosolids.1.2 Additional requirements may be imposed by individualstates,and these are available through state regulatory agenciesthat issue permits for treatment and use or disposal,or both,ofbiosolids.1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime,and Hydrated LimeC110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated Lime,and Limestone2.2 USEPA Publication:Title 40,Code of Federal Regulations(CFR),Part 503,Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge;FinalRules,58 FR 9248-940433.Terminology3.1 AcronymsThese are defined by operating parameters(for example,time,temperature)whose values must be met inorder for biosolids to be used in various ways as a nutrientsource/soil conditioner.Ref.40 CFR Part 257.3.1.1 PFRPProcesses to Further Reduce Pathogens(equivalent to 503 Class A).3.1.2 PSRPProcesses to Significantly Reduce Pathogens(equivalent to 503 Class B).4.Significance and Use4.1 Operators of power and other plants producing alkalineby-products and wastewater treatment plant operators needingto treat and manage wastewater solids will find this guidehelpful in dealing with their materials.4.2 This guide provides the tests,procedures,and param-eters that should be considered to significantly reduce patho-gens in wastewater treatment plant solids by the addition ofmanufactured or by-product alkaline materials(1).45.Alkaline Materials Characteristics5.1 Chemical Composition:Alkaline materials may betested for Available Lime Index(ALI)in accordance with theoptional chemical test of Table 1.Other chemical components,if required,may be determined in accordance with the appro-priate procedure when requested by the purchaser.5.2 Reactivity:5.2.1 Alkaline materials should be tested for pH and heat ofhydration(heat rise or slaking rate)in accordance with therecommended tests of Table 2.5.3 Physical Characteristics:5.3.1 Alkaline materials should be tested to determine theparticle size in accordance with the recommended physicaltests of Table 3.6.Process Performance6.1 PFRP(Class A)Alkaline Treatment of Biosolids:1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and Guidelines.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published July 2011.Originally approvedin 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6249 06.DOI:10.1520/D6249-06R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.1.1 MixingThorough mixing of the biosolids and stabi-lization reagent must be provided to ensure uniform pHdistribution and pathogen reduction throughout the biosolidsmass(2).Effective mixing depends upon achieving the appro-priate ratio of alkaline material to biosolids cake uniformlydistributed throughout the treated biosolids.6.1.1.1 Biosolids with a high moisture content will requireless mixing energy than high-solids biosolids cake.6.1.1.2 Biosolids characteristics will determine the propertype of equipment or system required for adequate mixing.Incomplete mixing can cause odor release during productstorage or application and may lead to failure to me