ASTM_D_6798_-_02_2018.pdf

Designation:D679802(Reapproved 2018)Standard Terminology Relating toFlax and Linen1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6798;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical termsrelated to flax and linen.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD7879 Test Method for Determining Flax Fiber WidthsUsing Image Analysis3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:average fiber width(m),nthe arithmetic mean width of aselected group of fibers in a two-dimensional image plane.DISCUSSIONThe selected group of fibers is dependent upon thecapturing device and software parameters as set by the opeator.D7879bast fibers,n in flax stems,fibers found in the layer ofphloem of the flax stem between the inner xylem tissue andthe epidermis tissue.breaking,nin flax stems,the crushing of the structure of thestem;loosening the bond between the fiber bundles andshives and breaking the shives into short pieces to facilitateits bing,nin flax,the processing of tow so as to producetops or silver which have the staple length and width suitablefor use in the worsted spinning system.cottonizing,n in flax,the processing of flax fiber so as tomake it suitable for use in the cotton spinning system.decorticating,n in flax,the process of mechanically sepa-rating fiber bundles from straw.de-seeding,nin flax,the process of removing seeds andseed-holding structures from plants.dew retting,nin flax,the process of pulling or cutting flaxstraw and leaving on the soil for a period of time to allowpartial degradation of straw to effect retting.enzyme retting,nin flax,the process of mechanically addingenzyme formulations under precise conditions to pulled orcut flax straw for a period of time to effect retting.fiber bundle,n in flax,group of ultimate fibers which areheld together in the flax stem by pectins,lignins or anycombination thereof.flax,nthe generic name for plants that are botanicallyclassified as Linum usitatissimum,which are cultivated forseed and/or fiber.hackling,nin flax,the process of cleaning and aligninglong-line fibers to improve fineness and remove non-fibrousmaterials and short fibers.linen,na yarn or fabric made solely from flax fibers.linen blend,na yarn or fabric made from a combination offlax and other fibers.long line,nin flax,flax fiber bundles that have a minimumlength of 50 cm.over-retting,n in flax,indicates that decomposition hascaused excessive deterioration of bast fibers.(See retting andunderretting)retting,nin flax,the process of partial biological or chemicaldecomposition of pectins and other components which bindthe fiber,fiber bundles,and the non-fiber structures,therebyfacilitating removal of bast fibers from stems.(See under-retting and over-retting)scutching,nthe mechanical beating and scraping of flaxstraw subsequent to breaking to separate the shives and towfrom the long line flax fiber.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.Current edition approved July 1,2018.Published August 2018.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6798 02(2013)2.DOI:10.1520/D6798-02R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 shives,nthe woody parts of the flax plant which are notfibers.straw,nin flax,refers to dried stems and plant parts such asroots,leaves,and seed holding structures.tow,nin flax fibers,a combination of fiber bundles andultimate fibers that have a maximum length of 50 cm.DISCUSSIONTow can be made during any stage of processing.Forexample,breaker,scutched and hackled tow are respectively createdsubsequent to breaking,scutching and hackling.trash,nin flax fiber,any non-fibrous material.ultimate fiber,n in flax,an individual b