ASTM_D_6062M_-_96_2001.pdf

Designation:D 6062M 96(Reapproved 2001)METRICStandard Guide forPersonal Samplers of Health-Related Aerosol FractionsMetric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6062M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide defines conventions for personal samplers ofspecific particle-size-dependent fractions of any given non-fibrous airborne aerosol.Such samplers are used for assessinghealth effects and in the setting of and testing for compliancewith permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambientenvironment.The conventions have been adopted by theInternational Standards Organization(Technical Report ISOTR 7708),the Comit Europen de Normalisation(CENStandard EN 481),and the American Conference of Govern-mental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH)(1).2The conventionswere developed(2)in part from health-effects studies reviewed(3)by the ACGIH and in part as a compromise betweendefinitions proposed by the ACGIH(3)and by the BritishMedical Research Council(BMRC)(4).Conventions are givenhere for inhalable,thoracic,and respirable fractions.1.2 This guide is complementary to Test Method D 4532,which describes the performance of a particular instrument,the10-mm cyclone,and operational procedures for use.Theprocedures,specifically the optimal flow rate,are still validalthough the estimated accuracy differs somewhat from usewith previous aerosol fraction definitions.Details on thisinstrument and also the Higgins-Dewell cyclone have recentlybeen published(5-7).1.3 Limitations:1.3.1 The definitions given here were adopted by the agen-cies listed in 1.1 in part on the basis of expected health effectsof the different size fractions,but in part allowing for availablesampling equipment.The original adoption by CEN was,infact,for the eventual setting of common standards by the ECcountries while permitting the use of a variety of instrumenta-tion.Deviations of the sampling conventions from health-related effects are as follows:1.3.1.1 The inhalable fraction actually depends on the spe-cific air speed and direction,on the breathing rate,and onwhether breathing is by nose or mouth.The values given in theinhalable convention are for representative values of breathingrate and represent averages over all wind directions.1.3.1.2 The respirable and thoracic fractions vary fromindividual to individual and with the breathing pattern.Theconventions are approximations to the average case.1.3.1.3 Each convention applies strictly to a fraction pen-etrating to a region,rather than depositing.Therefore,samplescollected according to the conventions may only approximatecorrelations with biological effects.For example,the respirableconvention overestimates the fraction of very small particlesdeposited in the alveolar region of the respiratory systembecause some of the particles are actually exhaled withoutbeing deposited(8).In many workplaces,these very smallparticles contribute insignificantly to the sampled mass.Fur-thermore,the large variability between individuals and thedetails of clearance may be as important as this type of effect.1.3.1.4 The thoracic convention applies to mouth breathing,for which aerosol collection is greater than during nosebreathing.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheres3D 4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in WorkplaceAtmospheres31This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Sampling andAnalysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04on Workplace Atmospheres.Current edition approved December 10,1996.Published February 1997.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.03.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.2.2International Standards:ISO TR 7708 Technical Report on Air QualityParticleSize Fraction Definitions for Health-Related Sampling,Brussels,19934CEN EN 481 Standard on Workplace Atmospheres.SizeFraction Definitions for the Measurement of AirborneParticles in the Workplace,Brussels,199353.Terminology3.1 Many terms used in this guide are defined in Terminol-ogy D 1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aerodynamic diameter,D,(m)the diameter of asph