ASTM_D_6051_-_15.pdf

Designation:D605115Standard Guide forComposite Sampling and Field Subsampling forEnvironmental Waste Management Activities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6051;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Compositing and subsampling are key links in the chainof sampling and analytical events that must be performed incompliance with project objectives and instructions to ensurethat the resulting data are representative.This guide discussesthe advantages and appropriate use of composite sampling,field procedures and techniques to mix the composite sampleand procedures to collect an unbiased and precise subsample(s)from a larger sample.It discusses the advantages and limita-tions of using composite samples in designing sampling plansfor characterization of wastes(mainly solid)and potentiallycontaminated media.This guide assumes that an appropriatesampling device is selected to collect an unbiased sample.1.2 The guide does not address:where samples should becollected(depends on the objectives)(see Guide D6044),selection of sampling equipment,bias introduced by selectionof inappropriate sampling equipment,sample collection proce-dures or collection of a representative specimen from a sample,or statistical interpretation of resultant data and devices de-signed to dynamically sample process waste streams.It alsodoes not provide sufficient information to statistically design anoptimized sampling plan,or determine the number of samplesto collect or calculate the optimum number of samples tocomposite to achieve specified data quality objectives(seePractice D5792).Standard procedures for planning wastesampling activities are addressed in Guide D4687.1.3 The sample mixing and subsampling procedures de-scribed in this guide are considered inappropriate for samplesto be analyzed for volatile organic compounds.Volatile organ-ics are typically lost through volatilization during samplecollection,handling,shipping and laboratory sample prepara-tion unless specialized procedures are used.The enhancedmixing described in this guide is expected to cause significantlosses of volatile constituents.Specialized procedures shouldbe used for compositing samples for determination of volatilessuch as combining directly into methanol(see Practice D4547).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregate to TestingSizeD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for VolatileOrganic CompoundsD4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Development ofData Quality ObjectivesD6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Managementof Waste and Contaminated MediaE856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating toPhysical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse DerivedFuel(Withdrawn 2011)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 composite sample,na combination of two or moresamples.D11293.1.2 sample,na portion of material taken from a largerquantity for the purpose of estimating properties or composi-tion of the larger quantity.E8561This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Plan-ning for Sampling.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6051 96(2006),which was withdrawn in January 2015 and reinstated in May 2015.DOI:10.1520/D6051-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.3 specimen,na specific portion of a material orlaboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which istaken for that purpose.D44393.1.4 subsample,na portion of a sample taken for thepurpose of estimating properties or composition of the wholesample.3.1.4.1 Discussiona subsample,by definition,is also asample.4.Summary of Guide4.1 This guide describes how the collection of compositesamples,as oppose