ASTM_D_8280_-_20a.pdf

Designation:D828020aStandard Test Method forDetermination of the Blooming of Brominated FlameRetardants onto the Surface of Plastic Materials by IonChromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8280;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the bloom-ing of brominated flame retardants onto the surface of plasticmaterials by an ion chromatographic method.1.2 The test method involves recovery of the deposits on thesurface of plastic materials,containing brominated flameretardants,on unaged specimens,on specimens aged at 70Cfor 14 days and on specimens aged at 70C for 35 days.Thesedeposits are quantitatively analyzed to obtain the fraction ofbrominated flame retardant that has bloomed onto the surface.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without LoadE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 188 Rubber,vulcanized or thermoplasticAcceleratedageing and heat resistance tests3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with plastics refer to Terminology D883.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blooming,nthe formation of a visible exudation orefflorescence on the surface of a plastic.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAdditives typically have a higher solu-bility in the polymer at processing temperature than at ambienttemperature(since processing temperature is usually aboveambient).Blooming occurs when,after cooling,a portion ofthe additive segregates out of the cooled polymer at ambienttemperature and in some instances,migrates to the surface ofthe polymer.3.2.2 flame retardant,na substance which,when added toa combustible material,inhibits flame spread of the resultingsubstance or material when exposed to flame impingement(Terminology E176).3.2.2.1 DiscussionFlame retardants may be incorporatedin plastics as additives(additive flame retardant)or as chemicalgroups in the base polymer by use of reactive intermediates inthe polymerization process(reactive flame retardant).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method presents a procedure for the quantifi-cation of the blooming of brominated flame retardants onto thesurface of plastic materials.4.2 The first stage involves the aging of two sets of samplesof plastic materials at 70C for 14 and 35 days,respectively,which are compared to a set of unaged materials.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved April 1,2020.Published April 2020.Originallyapproved in 2020.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8280-20.DOI:10.1520/D8280-20A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.NOTE2Test Method D573,Practice D3045,and ISO 188 provideguidance on heat aging of plastics or rubbers.4.3 The second stage involves using a flag made fromchromatography paper to sweep the deposits from the surfaceof both unaged and aged plastic materials.4.4 Th