ASTM_D_7898_-_14.pdf

Designation:D789814Standard Practice forLubrication and Hydraulic Filter Debris Analysis(FDA)forCondition Monitoring of Machinery1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7898;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this practice is to describe best practice methods for the analysis of filter debris frommachinery lubrication or hydraulic systems primarily for the purpose of machinery conditionmonitoring.The purpose of Filter Debris Analysis(FDA)is to determine the health of oil-wettedmachinery by analyzing the size,quantity,morphology,and composition of debris trapped by thesystem filter.FDA is emerging as an important condition monitoring technique as fine filtrationbecomes more common and the associated reduction of metallic particulates makes traditionalelemental analysis of the lubricant less effective.System filters have an added advantage overtraditional sample-based techniques in that they capture a high percentage of the total system debris(metallic,non-metallic,and organic particulate contamination)within the size range useful formachinery condition monitoring.1.Scope1.1 This practice is intended to cover the extraction,analysis,and information management pertaining to visiblewear debris collected from oil system filters or debris retentionscreens.Further,it is intended that this practice be a practicalreference for those involved in FDA.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7684 Guide for Microscopic Characterization of Particlesfrom In-Service LubricantsD7685 Practice for In-Line,Full Flow,Inductive Sensor forFerromagnetic and Non-ferromagnetic Wear Debris De-termination and Diagnostics for Aero-Derivative and Air-craft Gas Turbine Engine BearingsD7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand AlarmLimits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipmentand Oil for Fitness and ContaminationD7690 Practice for Microscopic Characterization of Par-ticles from In-Service Lubricants by Analytical Ferrogra-phyF316 Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Mem-brane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore TestG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and Lubricants2.2 Other Standards:TTCP-AER-TP3-TR01-2010 Guide for Filter Debris Analy-sis33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasive wearwear due to hard particles or hardprotuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.D41753.1.1.1 DiscussionAlso called cutting wear in some in-stances such as machining swarf.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.96 on In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services.Current edition approved Jan.15,2014.Published February 2014.DOI:10.1520/D7898-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Published by the Technical Co-operation Program(TTCP),July 2010.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.1.2 abrasive wear particleslong wire-like particles inthe form of loops or spirals that are generated due to hard,abrasive particles present between wearing surfaces of unequalhardness;sometimes called cutting wear particles or ribbons.D76843.1.1.3 three body abrasive wearform of abrasive wear inwhich wear is produced by loose particles introduced orgenerated between the contacting surfaces.D76843.1.1.4 two body abrasive wearform of abrasive wear inwhich the hard particles or protuberances that produce the wearof one body are fixed on the surface of the opposing body.G403.1.2 adhesive wearwear due to localized bonding be-tween contacting solid surfaces leading to material transferbetween the two surfaces or loss from either surface.G403.1.2.1 DiscussionAlso called sliding wear or rubbingwear.3.1.2.1 rubbing wear particlesparticles generated as aresult of sliding wear in a machine,sometimes called mildadhesive wear.Rubbing particles are free metal platelets withsmooth surfaces,from approximately 0.5 to 15 m in majordimension and with major dimension-to-thickness ratios fr