ASTM_D_6773_-_16.pdf

Designation:D677316Standard Test Method forBulk Solids Using Schulze Ring Shear Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6773;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and proceduresfor measuring the unconfined yield strength of bulk solidsduring both continuous flow and after storage at rest.Inaddition,measurements of internal friction,bulk density,andwall friction on various wall surfaces are included.1.2 This test method covers operation of the manually-controlled Schulze Ring Shear Tester.An automated version ofthis tester is also available.Its method of testing bulk solids issimilar in principle to that described in this test method.1.3 The most common use of this information is in thedesign of storage bins and hoppers to prevent flow stoppagesdue to arching and ratholing,including the slope and smooth-ness of hopper walls to provide mass flow.Parameters forstructural design of such equipment may also be derived fromthis data.Another application is the measurement of theflowability of bulk solids,for example,for comparison ofdifferent products or optimization.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users objectives:and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measure are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6128 Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Usingthe Jenike Shear Cell3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor common definitions of technical termsin this standard,refer to Terminology D653.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative specimen of bulk solid is placed in ashear cell of specific dimensions.4.2 When running an instantaneous or time shear test,anormal load is applied to the cover,and the specimen ispresheared until a steady state shear value has been reached.The shear stress is then immediately reduced to zero.4.3 An instantaneous test is run by shearing the specimenunder a reduced normal load until the shear force goes througha maximum value and then begins to decrease.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterizationand Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.Current edition approved Feb.1,2016.Published March 2016.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6773 08.DOI:10.1520/D6773-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.4 A time shear test is run similarly to an instantaneousshear test,except that the specimen is placed in a consolidationbench for the specified time between the preshear and shearsteps.4.5 A wall friction test is run by sliding the specimen overa coupon of wall material and measuring the frictional resis-tance as a function of normal,compressive load.4.6 A wall friction time test involves sliding the specimenover the c