ASTM_D_5909_-_96a_2011.pdf

Designation:D590996a(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDrying Time of Oxidative-Drying Printing Inks by SqualeneResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5909;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe drying time of oxidative-drying printing inks(also referredto as“sheetfed inks”)by squalene resistance of printed inkfilms.1.2 This test method is applicable to all paste inks that dryprimarily by oxidation regardless of the substrate on whichthey are printed.With appropriate changes in the test fluid,itmay also be used with paste inks that dry by other mechanisms,such as heatset or ultraviolet light.1.3 This test method utilizes a modified rub tester and isintended to serve as a“referee”procedure when laboratories,using less rigorous test procedures(see Appendix X1),cannotagree on their results.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingD5264 Practice forAbrasion Resistance of Printed Materialsby the Sutherland Rub Tester3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 blanket,na composite structure,normally a rubber-like layer supported by one or more fabric or foam layers,orboth.3.1.2 squalene oil,nan organic liquid(C30H50unsaturatedaliphatic hydrocarbon)that imitates the action of skin oil.3.1.3 DiscussionSqualene dissolves vehicle componentsin a typical oxidative-drying ink system but not when fullypolymerized.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The test print is affixed to the base of the rub tester.Theremovable one-half pound weight of the instrument is fittedwith a piece of rubber blanket and covered with an absorbenttowel to which a small amount of squalene oil has been added.The weighted,oil-impregnated towel is allowed to rub backand forth over the test print for a prescribed number of cycles.4.2 The receptor towel is examined for evidence of inktransfer from the print.Results may be related qualitatively toan agreed upon standard,or,the intensity of the stain can bemeasured quantitatively with a colorimeter,spectrophotometer,or other reflectance type device.5.Significance and Use5.1 Inadequate setting or drying of sheetfed inks,or both,can cause blocking of stacked prints with subsequent loss ofproduct.“Setting”of an ink refers to the rapid rise in viscosityof the printed ink film,sometimes accompanied by surfacedrying,that prevents transference of the undried ink film toadjacent surfaces under light pressure.“Setting”is a propertyof the ink-substrate combination.Inadequate drying may bedue to several factors,but the primary causes are:(1)omissionof metallic driers from the ink,improper ink formulation(2)unusual ink-substrate interactions,and(3)use of a fountainsolution that is too acidic.If the test prints are made on astandard laboratory proof press,where there is no applicationof fountain solution,then only the first three possible causescan be evaluated.If the prints have been made on a commercialproduction printing press or some other acceptable means ofintroducing the fountain solution into the ink agreed upon,thenthe effect of fountain solution can be determined.It will oftenbe necessary to run several tests to isolate the specific cause ofa drying problem.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5909 96a(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5909-96AR11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 This test method is suitable for most combinations ofoxidative drying inks and substrates.Because this test methodrelies on a visual assessment of the extent of drying,very lightcolors and clear varnishes may present difficulties in quantify-ing the extent of drying.In such cases,the supplier and thecustomer s