ASTM_D_6548_-_00_2005.pdf

Designation:D 6548 00(Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forResistance to Mechanical Penetration of Sanitary TissuePapers(Ball Burst Procedure)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6548;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the measurement of theresistance to mechanical penetration of sanitary tissue papers.Application to other paper types is possible but is not coveredhere.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductsD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 774/D 774M Test Method for Bursting Strength of PaperD 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper ProductsD 4826 Practice for Units of Measurement and ConversionFactors for Pulp,Paper,and PaperboardE 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate,Witha Specified Tolerable Error,the Average Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D 1968 or the Dictionary ofPaper.34.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this test method,a test specimen is clamped betweentwo concentric rings whose inner diameter defines the circulararea under test.A penetration assembly the top of which is asmooth,spherical steel ball is arranged perpendicular to andcentered under the rings holding the test specimen.Thepenetration assembly is raised at a specified constant rate ofspeed such that the steel ball contacts and eventually penetratesthe test specimen to the point of specimen rupture.Themaximum force applied by the penetration assembly at theinstant of penetration is reported as the resistance to mechani-cal penetration.5.Significance and Use5.1 Resistance to mechanical penetration is an importantcharacteristic of consumer sanitary tissue products includingtoilet tissue,facial tissue,table napkins,and paper towels;therefore,it is also an important characteristic of the uncon-verted tissue paper from which these products are made.5.2 The penetration principle used in this test method isfound in Test Methods D 4833,F 1306,and D 3787.Theequipment in these methods generally is an adaptor for ballburst testing mounted on a tensile testing machine and is notincluded in this test method as data supporting its use inmechanical penetration of sanitary tissue is not available.Thistest method describes a self-contained testing apparatus,whichis in use in the tissue industry.5.3 The equipment used in this test method differs from thatin Test Method D 774 and the two methods give differentresults.The advantages of this test method for use with tissueinclude improved correlation with resistance to mechanicalpenetration of the end use product,as well as,improved ease ofuse and precision of data when used with tissue products,which characteristically have higher extensibility and lowerstrength properties than other grades of paper to which TestMethod D 774 is better suited.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept.1,2005.Published September 2005.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 6548 00.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,15Technology Parkway South,Norcross,GA 30092.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.Apparatus6.1 Self-Contained Resistance to Penetration Tester(BallBurst Tester)4,comprised of the following components:6.1.1 A penetration assembly consisting of the following:6.1.1.1 Spherical Penetration Member,a 1.588 6 0.005-cm(0.625 6 0.002-in.)diameter stainless steel ball finishedspherical to 0.0001 cm(0.00004 in.)or less.6.1.1.2 The spherical penetration member is affixed perma-nently to the end of a 9.525 6 0.254 mm(0.375 6 0.01 in.)solid steel rod6.1.1.3 Amechanism to transmit the force applied to the ballbearing through the rod to a suitable load cell.6.1.1.4 For testing the resista