ASTM_D_861_-_07_2013.pdf

Designation:D86107(Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forUse of the Tex System to Designate Linear Density ofFibers,Yarn Intermediates,and Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D861;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the use of the tex system todesignate the linear density(number,or count)of fibers and ofyarns made from any type of fiber or combination of fibers.Itis also applicable to other textile materials,including yarnintermediates(slivers,rovings,tops,etc.),single or plied yarns,cords,and threads.NOTE1The mass per unit length concept of linear density isapplicable to any material which has a high ratio of length to cross section.1.2 Conversion factors for various indirect and direct yarnnumbers to exact tex equivalents can be found in StandardTables D2260.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2260 Tables of Conversion Factors and Equivalent YarnNumbers Measured in Various Numbering SystemsD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 2947 TextilesIntegrated Conversion Table for Replac-ing Traditional Yarn Numbers by Rounded Values in theTex System33.Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58,Yarns andFibers,refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:linear density,tex.3.2 For all other terminology relating to textiles,see Termi-nology D123.4.Significance and Use4.1 The tex system has been approved for general use by theInternational Organization for Standardization,TechnicalCommittee 38 on Textiles(ISO/TC 38),which has alsorecommended a list of rounded tex numbers for use with fibersand all types of yarns.Conversion tables showing the roundedtex numbers corresponding to various numbers in differenttraditional systems are given in Tables D2260 and ISO 2947.4.2 The tex system for designation of the linear density offibers and yarns is a direct system based on mass per unitlength,M/L,and employs metric units of length and mass.Thetex unit,grams per kilometre(1000 m)has been approved byISO/TC 38 for use with all fibers and all types of yarn.Thecommittee has also approved the use of kilotex and decatexnumbers for coarse structures and decitex and millitex numbersfor fibers.4.3 The tex system relates to the property commonly asso-ciated with coarseness,or inverse fineness of a yarn becausethe tex numbers increase with an increase in the size or massper unit length of the yarn.The tex system is intended for useby all branches of the textile industry,in all countries,for yarnsmade from all types of fibers or mixtures of fibers.5.Recommended Applications5.1 It is recommended that tex units,including their mul-tiples and submultiples,be used to designate the linear densityof all natural and man-made fibers,filaments,yarns,cords,rovings,tops,etc.5.2 It is recommended that linear density be reported tothree significant figures,using either millitex,decitex,or texunits.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1,2013.Published September 2013.Originallyapproved in 1945 T.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D861 07.DOI:10.1520/D0861-07R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from theAmerican National Standards Institute,11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor,New York,NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.3 It is recommended that linear density be expressed indicitex or tex units and reported to three significant figures,andthat kilotex units be used for all numbers above 999.9 tex.5.4 It is recommended that the breaking tenacity or tenacityat any specified elongation for individual fibers,filaments,oryarns be expressed in newtons(decinewtons,centinewtons,ormillinewtons)per tex.NOTE2In calculating breaking tenacity,the values for the averagebreaking force and the average linear density used in the calculationsshould retain two more significant figures than the single observed values.6.Keywords6.1 linear density;tex;tex system;te