ASTM_E_2691_-_11.pdf

Designation:E269111Standard Practice forJob Productivity Measurement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2691;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONJob Productivity Measurement(JPM)measures both construction productivity differential on anongoing and periodic basis and average productivity over the life of the construction project.JPM calculates the ratio of output per unit of input:how much workConstruction Put In Place(CPIP)was produced by how many labor hours.Additionally,JPM is an early warning signal forconstruction performance.It measures ongoing productivity changes,trends,and anomalies resultingfrom changes on a construction jobsite,which enables contractors,project managers,supervisors,andforemen to react and improve productivity as the construction project unfolds.1.Scope1.1 Based on the UNIFORMAT II format for organizingbuilding data,established in Classification E1557,and depend-ing on the level where measurement is applied(industry,totaljob,or building element),JPM measures construction produc-tivity at three levels:task,project,and industry(shown in Fig.1).By comparing labor hours used against CPIP,JPM allowsfor unified measurement of established building elements(according to the UNIFORMAT II format.This practiceestablishes a process for measuring construction job produc-tivity by comparing labor usage to CPIP.1.2 JPM measures labor productivity of the installationprocesses on a construction job.21.3 CPIP is measured with input from the labor performingthe installation,utilizing elements of statistical process control(SPC)and industrial engineering.1.4 JPM takes into account the difficulty of installation atany given point on a job.1.5 JPM evaluates relative productivity changes using trendmonitoring.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings andBuilding Systems and Other Constructed ProjectsE2166 Practice for Organizing and Managing Building DataE2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in StatisticalProcess Control3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition of terms used in thispractice,refer to Terminology E631 and Terminology E833.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice is organized as follows:4.1.1 Section 1,ScopeIdentifies coverage.4.1.2 Section 2,Referenced DocumentsLists ASTM stan-dards referenced in this practice.4.1.3 Section 3,TerminologyAddresses definitions ofterms used in this practice.4.1.4 Section 4,Summary of PracticeOutlines the con-tents of this practice.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 onBuilding Economics.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 2007 as E2691 09.DOI:10.1520/E2691-11.2JPM is based on the application of Job Productivity Assurance and Control(JPAC),which has been used in industry for more than fifteen years,resulting in 20to 30%improvement in productivity for contractors using it.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.1.5 Section 5,Significance and UseExplains signifi-cance of measuring job productivity and of using the JPMpractice to do so.4.1.6 Section 6,ProcedureLists the steps for conductingJPM.4.1.7 Section 7,Data Sources and AssumptionsDescribesraw data used in calculation of JPM.4.1.8 Section 8,Calculation of Labor Productivity Refer-ence Point(LPRP)Describes calculation of LPRP,using datagathered according to Section 7,and with output provided forSection 9.4.1.9 Section 9,Calculation of JPMProvides algorithmsfor determining JPM.4.1.10 Section 10,ReportDescribes various types of re-porting output for JPM.4.1.11 Section 11,ApplicationsDescribes where and howJPM information can be used.4.1.12 Section 12,KeywordsLists related words andphrases.5.Significance and Use5.1 JPM produces two measurements:construction produc-tion rate and productivity.5.1.1 JPM measures the overall production rate by compar-ing CPIP to the time elapsed in the construction schedule.5.1.2 JPM measures overall job productivity through acomparison of labor usage to a reference point.5.2 JPM issues early warning signals for construction.5.2.1 JPM identifies productivity deviations in the form ofany gains or losses in productivity,and anomalies indicating