ASTM_D_829_-_97_2002.pdf

Designation:D 829 97(Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forWet Tensile Breaking Strength of Paper and PaperProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 829;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods measure the(wet)tensile breakingstrength of paper,paper products,and paperboard(excludingcorrugated board)when saturated with water.1.2 These test methods are intended for use with papers andpaper products that will be subjected to stress while wet duringprocessing or use,including but not limited to tissue products,papers used in map-making,photography and blue prints,bags,and food wraps.1.3 Two test methods are described;one for samples that areable to be handled while wet without damage,and one forsamples,such as tissue,that are easily damaged or impossibleto handle while wet.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related Product2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2D 824 Test Method for Rate of Absorption of Water byBibulous Papers2D 828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant Rate of ElongationApparatus2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3D 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products2D 3285 Test Method for Water Absorptiveness of Nonbibu-lous Paper and Paperboard(Cobb Test)2E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specified Tolerable Error,The Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or Process43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology D 1968 or the Dictionary ofPaper.53.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 finch wet strength,ntensile strength of a sampletested using Test Method B of these test methods.4.Summary of Test Methods4.1 These test methods consist of two test methods asfollows:4.1.1 Test Method AImmersion Wetting Procedure,see11.1.4.1.2 Test Method BFinch Procedure,see 11.2.4.2 In Test Method A,a test specimen is immersed indistilled water at 23C for the time period required to reachsaturation as defined in these test methods that may be as longas 24 h.After saturation,the specimen is tested as described inTest Method D 828.Test MethodAis suited for papers that canbe handled wet without damage,including papers that retain ahigh percentage of their original(dry)strength when wet suchas photographic,map,and blueprint papers,food wraps,andsome bags.4.3 In Test Method B,a test specimen is saturated withwater in a Finch wet strength device and then tested asdescribed in Test Method D 828.Test Method B is suited forpapers that are highly absorbent,easily damaged when wet,orboth,such as tissue paper,particularly absorbent towels.Saturation generally occurs in 5 to 40 s.5.Significance and Use5.1 Wet tensile strength is an important performance char-acteristic of papers or paper products that will be processed wetor that may be subjected to wetting,whether accidental orintentional,during use.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 onPaper and Paper Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92on Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec.10,1997.Published November 1998.Originallyapproved in 1945.Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D 829 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.5Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,P.O.Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.Apparatus6.1 Tensile TesterA tensile tester meeting the specifica-tions found in Test Method D 828 is suitable for these testmethods.6.2 Specimen CutterA double blade strip cutter of theJDC-type,or similar cutting die complying with the require-ments for a specimen cutter in Test Method D 828 is suitablefor these test methods.6.3 Blotting PaperA quantity of sheets of blotting paper200 mm2(8 in.2)weighing 250 6 10 g/m2oven dry,0.495 to0.521 mm(0.0195 to 0.0205 in.)thick and having a rate ofabsorption of 25 s or less when tested with 1.0 mL of water inaccordance with Test Method D 824,and a capillary rise of 50to 100 mm of water(mean of MD and CD)when measured inaccordance with the Klemm Test in Annex A1 of Test MethodD 3285.Requir