ASTM_D_8_-_18c.pdf

Designation:D818cStandard Terminology Relating toMaterials for Roads and Pavements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and genericdefinitions of terms specifically associated with road andpaving materials.These generic terms and definitions are usedwithin the standards developed by Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials.1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard underthe jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Section3 of Terminology D8.Terms that were historically part of thisterminology but never appeared,or no longer appear,in morethan one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 arelisted in Appendix X1.The terms in Appendix X1 are notmaintained and updated by Subcommittee D04.91.The termsin Appendix X1 are available for reference purposes only.Theterminology in Appendix X1 may not reflect current practices,standards,and technology used in materials for roads andpavements.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D242/D242M Specification for Mineral Filler For Bitumi-nous Paving MixturesD2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt(Slow-Curing Type)D2027/D2027M SpecificationforCutbackAsphalt(Medium-Curing Type)D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt(Rapid-Curing Type)D3142/D3142M Test Method for Specific Gravity,APIGravity,or Density of Cutback Asphalts by HydrometerMethodD4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into FourFractionsD4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling AgentsD5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgentsD5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage ofFractured Particles in Coarse AggregateD6995 Test Method for Determining Field VMA based onthe Maximum Specific Gravity of the Mix(Gmm)3.Terminologyaggregate,na granular material used as a constructionmaterial,meeting the requirements of road and pavingapplications.DISCUSSIONExamples of aggregate include sand,gravel,shell,slag,and crushed stone.See coarse aggregate and fine aggregate for moreinformation.air voids(Pa),nthe volume of air between the asphalt-coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted asphaltmix,expressed as a percent of the total volume of thesample.DISCUSSIONA variable previously used for this term was Va.anionic emulsified asphalt(anionic emulsion),na type ofemulsified asphalt such that a particular emulsifying agentestablishes a predominance of negative charges on thediscontinuous phase.API gravity,na function of specific gravity represented bythe equation in Test Method D3142/D3142M.DISCUSSIONA specific gravity scale developed by the AmericanPetroleum Institute(API)used to compare how heavy or light apetroleum liquid is compared to water.asphalt,nA dark brown to black cement-like residuumobtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.DISCUSSIONThe distillation processes may involve one or more ofthe following:atmospheric distillation,vacuum distillation,steamdistillation.Further processing of distillation residuum may be neededto yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-cial applications.These additional processes can involve air oxidation,solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-istics.In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 onTerminology.Current edition approved Dec.15,2018.Published January 2019.Originallyapproved in 1912.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8 18b.DOI:10.1520/D0008-18C.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 asphalt binder,nasphalt which may or may not contain anasphalt modifier(see asphalt modifier).DISCUSSIONthis term is often used in the Per