ASTM_D_8184_-_18e1.pdf

Designation:D8184181Standard Test Method forFerrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using aParticle Quantifier Instrument1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8184;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEA Research Report footnote was added editorially in June 2019.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the use of offline particlequantification(often referred to as PQ)magnetometers to trendwear rates in machinery by monitoring the amount of ferro-magnetic material suspended in a fluid sample that has been incontact with the moving parts of the machinery.It is particu-larly relevant to monitoring wear debris in lubricating oils andgreases.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Values of the burden(mass)of ferrous wear debris inthe sample are reported as a PQ Index.The PQ Index is anumerical value that scales with the ferrous debris burden.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry(ICP-AES)D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsD7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand AlarmLimits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipmentand Oil for Fitness and Contamination3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 condition monitoring,nthe recording and analyzingof data relating to the condition of equipment or machinery forthe purpose of predictive maintenance or optimization ofperformance.3.1.2 ferromagnetic,nmetals,alloys,and other materialsthat exhibit medium to high magnetic permeabilities;furtherclassified into“hard”and“soft”magnetic materials whencapable of becoming permanently magnetized or not,respec-tively.3.1.3 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectros-copy(ICP-OES),na form of emission spectroscopy that usesa plasma to excite atoms and ions that subsequently emitelectromagnetic radiation in the visible region;the emissionwavelengths are characteristic of a particular wavelength,andthe intensity of emission is related to the concentration of theemitting element.3.1.4 machinery health,nqualitative indication of theoverall condition of equipment or machinery;may depend ondata and trend analysis from several sources.3.1.5 PQI,na dimensionless index related to the ferro-magnetic content of an oil or grease sample.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe scale is defined by a 750 PQIprimary standard developed by The University of Swansea inthe 1980s.The original primary standard is currently in the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.96.06 on Practices and Techniques for Prediction and Determi-nation of Microscopic Wear and Wear-related Properties.Current edition approved May 15,2018.Published June 2018.DOI:10.1520/D8184-18E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 possessionofParkerHannifinManufacturingLtd.(Littlehampton,UK)who manufacture and supply secondarystandards for instrument validation purposes.3.1.6 rotating disc electrode optical emission spectroscopy(RDE-OES),nsimilar to ICP-OES,but the exciting mediumis now an electrical di