ASTM_D_880_-_92_2015.pdf

Designation:D88092(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forImpact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D880;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers two procedures for conductingimpact tests on loaded containers or shipping units(palletloads),as follows:1.1.1 Procedure A,to test the ability of a container orshipping unit to withstand impacts,and1.1.2 Procedure B,to test the ability of a container orshipping unit or interior packing,or both,to provide protectionto the contents,when subjected to impacts.1.2 Either of these two procedures may be used to evaluatedifferent designs of containers of the same size and carrying thesame load.These procedures are suitable for testing varioustypes of containers such as boxes,crates,barrels,drums,kegs,bags,sacks,or pails made of various materials or combinationsof materials and for shipping units such as pallet loads orpalletized units.1.3 The procedures described in this test method are par-ticularly suitable for testing large or heavily loaded containers.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Note 1 and Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal ImpactTest for Shipping Containers and SystemsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingD5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed HorizontalImpacts Using an Inclined Impact TesterE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 2244 Horizontal Impact Test(Horizontal or InclinePlane Test:Pendulum Test)33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms applicable to thistest method see Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 hazardremovable solid object of any size or shapeplaced on an impact surface(backstop)so as to contact a testspecimen at any desired location during the impact of thespecimen into the impact surface(backstop).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 An apparatus having a guided carriage capable ofholding a test container or shipping unit impacts into a rigidimpact surface(backstop)with or without hazards at a prede-termined impact velocity.When testing the ability of a con-tainer or shipping unit to withstand impact(Procedure A)multiple tests with the same impact velocity or increasingimpact velocities may be conducted until failure occurs.Whentesting the ability of the container,shipping unit,or interiorpacking,or combination thereof,to provide protection to thecontents(Procedure B),a predetermined number of impacts,atpredetermined velocities,are applied and the container(s)andcontents are then inspected.5.Significance and Use5.1 The impact test has been found useful in laboratorysimulation of impacts such as those encountered in manual and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct.1,2015.Published October 2015.Originallyapproved in 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D880 92(2008).DOI:10.1520/D0880-92R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 mechanical handling and transportation.The impact test simu-lates some types of shocks that could occur in the handling ofpackages or shipping units and helps evaluate the ability of thepackage to protect the contents against these shocks.The testmay also permit observation of progressive failure of a packageand damage to the contents.5.2 The test results within a given laboratory using this testmethod may be useful for evaluating an