ASTM_D_8059_-_19.pdf

Designation:D805919Standard Test Method forRubber CompoundsMeasurement of UnvulcanizedDynamic Strain Softening(Payne Effect)Using SealedCavity Rotorless Shear Rheometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8059;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the use of a sealed cavityrotorless oscillating shear rheometer for the measurement ofthe softening effects of rising sinusoidal strain when applied toan unvulcanized rubber compound containing significantamounts of colloidal fillers(such as silica or carbon black,orboth)from a rubber mixing procedure.These strain softeningproperties relate to mixing conditions,the composition of therubber compound,colloidal particle(Payne Effect)character-istics of the fillers,and in some cases the degree of reactionbetween an organosilane and precipitated,hydrated silicaduring mixing.This procedure is being commonly applied torubber reactive mixing procedures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 elastic torque,S,nthe peak amplitude torque com-ponent which is in phase with a sinusoidally applied strain.3.1.2 viscous torque,S”,nthe peak amplitude torquecomponent which is 90 out of phase with a sinusoidallyapplied strain.3.1.3 complex torque,S*,nthe peak amplitude torqueresponse measured by a reaction torque transducer for asinusoidally applied strain;mathematically,S*is computed byS*=(S2+S”2)1/2.3.1.4 loss angle,nthe phase angle by which thecomplex torque(S*)leads a sinusoidally applied strain.3.1.5 storage shear modulus,G,nthe ratio of(elastic)peak amplitude shear stress to peak amplitude shear strain forthe torque component in phase with a sinusoidally appliedstrain;mathematically,G=(S/Area)/Peak Strain.3.1.6 loss shear modulus,G”,nthe ratio of(viscous)peakamplitude shear stress to peak amplitude shear strain for thetorque component 90 out of phase with a sinusoidally appliedstrain;mathematically,G”=(S”/Area)/Peak Strain.3.1.7 complex shear modulus,G*,nthe ratio of peakamplitude shear stress to peak amplitude shear strain;mathematically,G*=(S*/Area)/Strain=(G2+G”2)1/2.3.1.8 loss factor,tan,nthe ratio of loss modulus tostorage modulus,or the ratio of viscous torque to elastictorque;mathematically,tan =G”/G=S”/S.3.1.9 Payne Effect,nin the low amplitude dynamic testingof filled rubbers,the decrease in modulus(G or E)as theamplitude of deformation is increased.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe effect is caused by a decrease inthe additive contributions of polymer-polymer interactions,hydrodynamic effects,the polymer-filler and filler-fillerinteractions.D15664.Summary of Test Method4.1 An uncured rubber compound specimen is contained ina sealed die cavity which is closed and maintained at anelevated temperature.The cavity is formed by two dies,one ofwhich is oscillated through a rotary amplitude.This actionproduces a sinusoidal torsional strain in the test specimen1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.12on Processability Tests.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published November 2019.Originallyapproved in 2016.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8059 16.DOI:10.1520/D8059-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 resulting in a sinusoidal torque,which measures a viscoelasticquality of the test specimen.The test specimen can be anuncured rubber compound containing carbon black,precipi-ta