ASTM_D_7874_-_13.pdf

Designation:D787413Standard Guide forApplying Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(FMEA)to In-Service Lubricant Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7874;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes a methodology to select tests to beused for in-service lubricant analysis.The selection of fluidtests for monitoring failure mode progression in industrialapplications applies the principles of failure mode and effectanalysis(FMEA).1.2 Although typical FMEA addresses all possible productfailure modes,the focus of this guide is not intended to addressfailures that have a very high probability of unsafe operation asthese should immediately be addressed by other means.1.3 This guide is limited to components selected forcondition-monitoring programs by providing a methodology tochoose fluid tests associated with specific failure modes for thepurpose of identifying their earliest developing stage andmonitoring fault progression.The scope of this guide is alsofocused on those failure modes and their consequences that caneffectively be detected and monitored by fluid analysis tech-niques.1.4 This guide pertains to a process to be used to ensure anappropriate amount of condition monitoring is performed withthe objective of improving equipment reliability,reducingmaintenance costs,and enhancing fluid analysis monitoring ofindustrial machinery.This guide can also be used to select themonitoring frequencies needed to make the failure determina-tions and provide an assessment of the strengths and weak-nesses of a current condition-monitoring program.1.5 This guide does not eliminate the programmatic require-ments for appropriate assembly,operational,and maintenancepractices.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7684 Guide for Microscopic Characterization of Particlesfrom In-Service LubricantsD7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand AlarmLimits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipmentand Oil for Fitness and Contamination2.2 IEC Standard:IEC 60812 Analysis Techniques for System ReliabilityProcedure for Failure Mode and EffectsAnalysis(FMEA),20063.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cause(s)of failure,nunderlying source(s)for eachpotential failure mode that can be identified and described byanalytical testing.3.1.2 component incipient failure,nmoment a componentbegins to deteriorate or undergo changes that will eventuallylead to the loss of its design function.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis moment may not be easily detect-able because of sensitivity limitations of monitoring instrumen-tation or a lack of measurable change in performance charac-teristics or both.3.1.3 criticality number,C,nproduct of the severity(S)and occurrence(O)numbers for a given failure modes causesand effects.3.1.4 design function,nfunction or task that the system orcomponent should perform.3.1.5 detection ability number,D,nranking number thatdescribes the ability of a specific fluid test to successfullydetect a failure modes causes or effects.A scale is used tograde detection ability numbers;see an example in 6.4.7.3.1.6 effect(s)of failure,npotential outcome(s)of eachfailure mode on the system or component.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.96.04 on Guidelines for In-Services Lubricants Analysis.Current edition approved Oct.1,2013.Published October 2013.DOI:10.1520/D7874-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.7 failure-developing period,FDP,nperiod from com-ponents incipient failure to functional failure.3.1.8 failure mode,nphysical description of the manner inwhich a failure occurs.3.1.9 failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA,nanalyticalapproach to determine and address methodically all possiblesystem or component failure modes and their associated causesand effects on system performance.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis approach can be used to evaluatedesigns and track risk-reducing improvements to equipmentreliability.3.1.10 failure modes,effects,and criticality analysis,FMECA,nextension to FMEA that involves ranking the riskassociated with failure mo