ASTM_D_8027_-_17.pdf

Designation:D802717Standard Practice forConcentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO2forMeasurement Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8027;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of ap-proaches in which manganese oxide(MnO2)can be used toconcentrate radionuclides of interest into a smaller volumecounting geometry or exclude other species that would other-wise impede subsequent chemical separation steps in an overallradiochemical method,or both.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminologies D1129 and D7902.4.Summary of Practice4.1 These practices describe different processes throughwhich MnO2can be used to concentrate specific radionuclidesof interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or excludeother species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemi-cal separation steps in an overall radiochemical method,orboth.4.2 Published studies(1-5)3have addressed in detail thevarious manners in which hydrous manganese dioxides can besynthesized and the variety of crystal forms of hydrousmanganese dioxide that can result.The literature describes thefollowing general categories in which hydrous manganesedioxide can be prepared.4.2.1 Guyard Reaction:3Mn2112MnO412H2O5MnO214H14.2.2 By the reduction of permanganate with reducingreagents such as hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)or hydrogenchloride(HCl).4.2.3 By the oxidation of Mn(II)salt under alkaline condi-tions with oxidizing reagents such as potassium chlorate(KClO3),H2O2,ozone(O3),or ammonium persulfate(NH4)2S2O8).4.3 The presented practices are not meant to address everypossible approach to the generation and use of MnO2but aremeant to present some more typical practices that may begenerally useful.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specificradionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemicalanalytical methods.Radionuclides of interest may need to bequantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq.This may requiremeasurement of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which hasa mass of a gram to more than several kilograms.This requiresconcentration of radionuclides into a smaller volume countinggeometry or exclusion of species which would impede subse-quent chemical separations,or both.MnO2has shown good1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of RadiochemicalAnalysis.Current edition approved June 1,2017.Published June 2017.Originallyapproved in 2016.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8027 16.DOI:10.1520/D8027-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 selectivity in being able to concentrate the following elements:actinium(Ac),bismuth(Bi),lead(Pb),polonium(Po),pluto-nium(Pu),radium(Ra),thorium(Th),and uranium(U)asnoted in the referenced literature(see Sections 4 and 8).TheMnO2can be loaded onto a variety of substrates in preparationfor use or generated in-situ in an aqueous solution.Thepresented processes are not meant to be all encompassing ofwhat is possible or meant to address all limitations of using