ASTM_D_7483_-_13a.pdf

Designation:D748313aStandard Test Method forDetermination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived KinematicViscosity of Liquids by Oscillating Piston Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7483;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dynamicviscosity and derivation of kinematic viscosity of liquids,suchas new and in-service lubricating oils,by means of anoscillating piston viscometer.1.2 This test method is applicable to Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids;however the precision statement was de-veloped using Newtonian liquids.1.3 The range of dynamic viscosity covered by this testmethod is from 0.2 mPas to 20 000 mPas(which is approxi-mately the kinematic viscosity range of 0.2 mm2/s to 22 000mm2/s for new oils)in the temperature range between 40 to190C;however the precision has been determined only fornew and used oils in the range of 34 to 1150 mPas at 40C,5.7to 131 mPas at 100C,and 46.5 to 436 mm2/s at 40C.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometersand Viscosity Oil StandardsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvementof Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods thatPurport to Measure the Same Property of a MaterialD6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Productsand Lubricants Testing Laboratories2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO/EC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration Laboratories2.3 NIST Standard:4NIST Technical Note 1297 Guideline for Evaluating andExpressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dynamic viscosity(),nthe ratio between the appliedshear stress and rate of shear of a liquid.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIt is sometimes called the coefficient ofdynamic viscosity or,simply,viscosity.Thus,dynamic viscos-ity is a measure of the resistance to flow or to deformation ofa liquid under external shear forces.3.1.1.2 DiscussionThe term dynamic viscosity can also beused in a different context to denote a frequency-dependantquantity in which shear stress and shear rate have a sinusoidaltime dependence.3.1.2 kinematic viscosity(),nthe ratio of the dynamicviscosity()to the density()of a liquid.3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor gravity flow under a given hydro-static head,the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published July 2013.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7483 13.DOI:10.1520/D7483-13A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.ch.4Available from http:/physics.nist.gov/ccu/Uncertainty/index.html.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 density,().Therefore the kinematic viscosity,(),is a measureof the resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity.3.1.3 rate of shear(shear rate),n in liquid flow,thevelocity gradient across the liquid.3.1.4 shear stress,nthe force per unit area in the directionof the flow.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe SI unit for shear stress is the pascal(Pa).3.1.5 density(),nmass per unit volume.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 oscillating piston viscometer,na device that mea-sures the travel time of a piston driven electromagnetically intostationary oscilla