ASTM_D_7348_-_13.pdf

Designation:D734813Standard Test Methods forLoss on Ignition(LOI)of Solid Combustion Residues1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7348;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the massloss from solid combustion residues upon heating in an air oroxygen atmosphere to a prescribed temperature.The mass losscan be due to the loss of moisture,carbon,sulfur,and so forth,from the decomposition or combustion of the residue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coaland Coke from CoalD3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom As-Determined to Different BasesD3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements inCombustion Residues from Coal Utilization ProcessesD3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and CokeAsh by Atomic AbsorptionD4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coaland Coke Ash By X-Ray FluorescenceD6316 Test Method for Determination of Total,Combustibleand Carbonate Carbon in Solid Residues from Coal andCokeD6349 Test Method for Determination of Major and MinorElements in Coal,Coke,and Solid Residues from Com-bustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively CoupledPlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD6357 Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements inCoal,Coke,and Combustion Residues from Coal Utiliza-tion Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission Spectrometry,Inductively Coupled PlasmaMass Spectrometry,and Graphite Furnace Atomic AbD7582 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal andCoke by Macro Thermogravimetric AnalysisE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods,refer to Terminology D121.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Loss on ignition(LOI)is determined by measuring theloss in mass of the test specimen when heated under controlledconditions of temperature,time,atmosphere,specimen mass,and equipment specifications.The LOI can be determined bymeasuring the mass loss in a single procedure or in a two-stepprocedure in which mass losses,equivalent to the moisture andash values of the test specimen,are determined.5.Significance and Use5.1 LOI refers to the mass loss of a combustion residuewhenever it is heated in an air or oxygen atmosphere to hightemperatures.In the cement industry,use of the term LOInormally refers to a mass loss in a sample heated to 950C.Tocombustion engineers,the term LOI normally refers to masslosses in samples heated to temperatures normally less than950C.These test methods establish a procedure for determin-ing LOI values for combustion residues heated to 750C or950C.LOI values from these test methods can be used byindustries that utilize combustion residues in various processesand products.5.2 If the solid combustion residue is heated to estimate thecombustible or unburned carbon in the sample,it has beenshown that LOI and estimation of unburned carbon do notnecessarily agree well with each other and that LOI should notbe used as an estimate of unburned carbon in all combustion1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.29 on MajorElements in Ash and Trace Elements of Coal.Current edition approved Sept.1,2013.Published September 2013.Originallyapproved in 2007.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7348 08E1.DOI:10.1520/D7348-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service as serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 residues.3.Direct determination of unburned(combustible)carbon can be carried out using Test Method D6316.5.3 If the solid combustion residue is heated to prepare anash for the determination of the concentrations of major andminor elements,use the heating procedure described in TestMethods D3682,D4326,and D6349,or the procedures for the750C LOI determination described in these test methods(Method A).5.4 If the solid combustion residue is heated to prepare anash for t