ASTM_D_6560_-_17.pdf

Designation:D656017Designation:IP 14301Standard Test Method forDetermination of Asphaltenes(Heptane Insolubles)in CrudePetroleum and Petroleum Products1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-tion of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil,diesel fuel,residual fuel oils,lubricating oil,bitumen,andcrude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of260 C(see A1.2.1.1).1.2 The precision is applicable to values between0.50%mm and 30.0%m m.Values outside this range maystill be valid but may not give the same precision values.1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 Energy Institute Standard:4Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphaltenes,n(rarely used in the singular)inpetroleum technology,represent an oil fraction that is solublein a specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition ofan excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the aromatic sol-vent is hot toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.3.1.1.2 DiscussionHistorically,benzene was the aromaticsolvent,but benzene is not typically used now for healthreasons.The precision of this test method when using toluenehas been found to be the same as when using benzene.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane andthe mixture heated under reflux,and the precipitatedasphaltenes,waxy substances,and inorganic material are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability,Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec.1,2017.Published March 2018.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6560 12.DOI:10.1520/D6560-17.2This standard is based on material published in the IP Standard methods forAnalysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000Parts,copyright Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish Street,London,W1M 8AR.Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIM 8AR,UK.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 collected on a filter paper.The waxy substances are removedby washing with hot heptane in an extractor.4.2 After removal of the waxy substances,the asphaltenesare separated from the inorganic material by dissolution in hottoluene,the extraction solvent is evaporated,and the as-phaltenes weighed.5.Significance and Use5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest mo-lecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring incrude petroleum and petroleum products co