ASTM_D_6586_-_03_2021.pdf

Designation:D658603(Reapproved 2021)Standard Practice for thePrediction of Contaminant Adsorption on GAC in AqueousSystems Using Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6586;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a test method for the evaluation ofgranular activated carbon(GAC)for the adsorption of solublepollutants from water.This practice can be used to estimate theoperating capacities of virgin and reactivated granular acti-vated carbons.The results obtained from the small-scalecolumn testing can be used to predict the adsorption of targetcompounds on GAC in a large column or full-scale adsorberapplication.1.2 This practice can be applied to all types of waterincluding synthetically contaminated water(prepared by spik-ing high-purity water with selected contaminants),potablewaters,industrial wastewaters,sanitary wastes,and effluentwaters.1.3 This practice is useful for the determination of break-through curves for specific contaminants in water,the deter-mination of the lengths of the adsorbates mass transfer zones(MTZ),and the prediction of GAC usage rates for larger scaleadsorbers.1.4 The following safety caveat applies to the proceduresection,Section 10,of this practice:This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associatedwith its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety,health,and environmentalpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD2862 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granu-lar Activated CarbonD2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms in this practice relating toactivated carbon,refer to Terminology D2652.3.1.2 For definitions of terms in this practice relating towater,refer to Terminology D1129.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of a method for the rapid deter-mination of breakthrough curves and the prediction of GACusage rates for the removal of soluble contaminants fromwater.This is accomplished by passing the contaminated waterat a constant,controlled rate down flow through a bed of aspecially sized granular activated carbon until predeterminedlevels of breakthrough have occurred.4.2 When the assumption is made that conditions of con-stant diffusivity exist within the GAC column,the break-through data obtained from the column test can be used toestimate the size and operational conditions for a full-scalecarbon adsorber.5.Significance and Use5.1 Granular activated carbon(GAC)is commonly used toremove contaminants from water.However if not usedproperly,GAC can not only be expensive but can at times beineffective.The development of engineering data for the design1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on ActivatedCarbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.02 on Liquid PhaseEvaluation.Current edition approved June 1,2021.Published June 2021.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6586 03(2014).DOI:10.1520/D6586-03R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1of full-scale adsorbers often requires time-consuming andexpensive pilot plant studies.This rapid standard practice hasbeen developed to predict adsorption in large-scale adsorbersbased upon results from small column testing.In contrast topilot plant studies,the small-scale column test presented in thispractice does not allow for a running evaluation of factors thatmay affect GAC performance over time.Such f