ASTM_D_645_-_D_645M_-_97_2007.pdf

Designation:D645/D645M 97(Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forThickness of Paper and Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D645/D645M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thick-ness of paper and paperboard except electrical insulatingpapers(see Test Methods D202).1.1.1 Because of the relatively high pressure 50 kPa 7.3psi used in this test method,it may not be suitable formeasurement of tissue or other soft or low density materials,because the structure may collapse(decrease in thickness)atthe prescribed pressure of 50 kPa.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard.The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each systemmust be used independently of the other,without combiningvalues in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing UntreatedPaper Used for Electrical InsulationD585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products2.2TAPPI Standards:3T 411 Thickness(caliper)of paper,paperboard,and combi-nation boardT 1206 Precision statements for test methods3.Terminology3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with TerminologyD1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.34.Significance and Use4.1 Thickness is an important property of paper or paper-board,critical for certain end uses of paper and paperboard.This test method is useful for research work,routine control,design of end-use products,and for acceptance testing forconformance to a specification.Apparent density and otherpaper properties are related to thickness.5.Apparatus5.1 Micrometer,conforming to the following specifications:5.1.1 Motor operated,dead-weight(not spring)actuated.5.1.2 The micrometer shall have a flat ground circularmovable face(the presser foot),having an area of 200 6 5mm2equivalent to about 0.31 6 0.01 in.2 and correspondingto a diameter of 16 6 0.2 mm 0.63 6 0.01 in.5.1.3 The micrometer shall have a flat ground circular fixedface(the anvil)of such size that it is in contact with the wholearea of the pressure foot in the zero position.5.1.4 The surface of the presser foot shall be parallel to thesurface of the anvil to within 0.001 mm 0.00005 in.Thepresser foot movement shall be on an axis that is perpendicularto the anvil surface.The minimum distance between the anviland the presser foot in the“up”or raised position shall be 0.75mm 0.030 in.5.1.5 The presser foot,when lowered,shall exert steadypressure on the specimen of 50 6 2 kPa approximately 7.3 60.3 psi or 0.51 kgf/cm2 for 3 6 1 s.The period of steadypressure on the specimen is referred to as dwell time.5.1.6 The presser foot shall have a lowering speed of 0.8 60.1 mm 0.03 6 0.004 in./s.5.1.7 The frame of the micrometer shall be of such rigiditythat a load of 1.5 kg(3 lb)applied to the dial housing,out ofcontact with either the weight or the presser foot spindle,willproduce a deflection of the frame not greater than 0.0025 mm0.0001 in.as indicated by the micrometer readout system.5.2 Readout SystemTwo types of readout systems areavailable for use in this test method as follows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved Dec.1,2007.Published December 2007.Originallyapproved in 1941.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D645/D645M 97(2002).DOI:10.1520/D0645_D0645M-97R07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South,Norcross,GA 30092,http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.5.2.1 Dial-Type System with a dial,graduated to 0.002 mm0.0001