ASTM_D_638_-_14.pdf

Designation:D63814Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D638;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensileproperties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the formof standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested underdefined conditions of pretreatment,temperature,humidity,andtesting machine speed.1.2 This test method is applicable for testing materials ofany thickness up to 14 mm(0.55 in.).However,for testingspecimens in the form of thin sheeting,including film less than1.0 mm(0.04 in.)in thickness,ASTM standard D882 is thepreferred test method.Materials with a thickness greater than14 mm(0.55 in.)shall be reduced by machining.1.3 This test method includes the option of determiningPoissons ratio at room temperature.NOTE1This standard and ISO 527-1 address the same subject matter,but differ in technical content.NOTE2This test method is not intended to cover precise physicalprocedures.It is recognized that the constant rate of crosshead movementtype of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint,thatwide differences may exist between rate of crosshead movement and rateof strain between gage marks on the specimen,and that the testing speedsspecified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in theplastic state.Further,it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of testspecimens,which are permitted by these procedures,produce variations inthe surface-volume ratios of such specimens,and that these variations mayinfluence the test results.Hence,where directly comparable results aredesired,all samples should be of equal thickness.Special additional testsshould be used where more precise physical data are needed.NOTE3This test method may be used for testing phenolic moldedresin or laminated materials.However,where these materials are used aselectrical insulation,such materials should be tested in accordance withTest Methods D229 and Test Method D651.NOTE4For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforcedwith oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus 20-GPa(3.0 106-psi)fibers,tests shall be made in accordance with TestMethod D3039/D3039M.1.4 Test data obtained by this test method have been foundto be useful in engineering design.However,it is important toconsider the precautions and limitations of this method foundin Note 2 and Section 4 before considering these data forengineering design.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate MaterialsUsed for Electrical InsulationD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD651 Test Method for Test for Tensile Strength of MoldedElectrical Insulating Materials(Withdrawn 1989)3D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to BreakPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-mer Matrix Composite MaterialsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extru-sion Materials(PA)D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Dec.15,2014.Published March 2015.Originallyapproved in 1941.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D638-10.DOI:10.1520/D0638-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E83 Practice for Verification and Cl