ASTM_D_7805_-_13_2021.pdf

Designation:D780513(Reapproved 2021)Standard Terminology forPrinting Ink Vehicles and Related Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7805;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard contains the definitions of terms as used inreference to printing ink vehicles and related materials.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD4713 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Heatset andLiquid Printing Ink SystemsD6419 Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed andColdset Web Offset Printing Inks3.Significance and Use3.1 A common set of definitions is essential to improvecommunication and avoid misunderstanding among manufac-turers of printing ink,printing ink vehicles,resins,solvents,oils and all other components of printing ink vehicles.4.Terminologyacid number(value),nan indication of the relative amountof COOH functionality of a polymer or other molecule.DISCUSSIONAcid number calculated by the number of milligrams ofpotassium hydroxide neutralized by the free acids present in 1 g of resinor other material.The determination is made by titrating the samplewith KOH in alcohol using phenolphthalein as an indicator.acrylates,nchemical materials which contain the groupingOCOCHCH2,usually in the form of monomers or oligomers.acrylic resins,nthermoplastic or thermosetting polymers orcopolymers derived from ethenylically unsaturated mono-mers such as styrene,acrylic/methacrylic acid,and acrylic/methacrylic acid esters.DISCUSSIONAcrylic resins are used most commonly in liquid(forexample,flexo and gravure)inks.Most waterbased inks are formulatedfrom acrylic resins or acrylic emulsions.adhesion,nstate in which two surfaces are held together byinterfacial forces that may consist of valence forces,inter-locking action,or both.alkyd,nsynthetic resins formed by the reaction of polybasicacids with polyhydric alcohols,typically modified withunsaturated vegetable oils.DISCUSSIONAlkyds are typically used in oxidatively drying pasteinks(for example,sheetfed).amine number(value),nthe relative number of NH3groups on a polymer or other molecule as determined by themilligrams of potassium hydroxide equivalent to the aminegroups in one gram of the material.antioxidant,norganic compound added to a resin,vehicle,or other material to retard oxidation,deterioration,andrancidity.apparent viscosity(VD),nmeasured viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid at a particular shear rate D.DISCUSSIONA shear rate of 2500 s-1has been found useful forprinting inks.biocide,na substance that kills microorganisms such asbacteria,molds,slimes,fungi,etc.DISCUSSIONTypically used in aqueous printing ink systems.cellulose acetate butyrate(CAB),nsynthetic polymersformed by the reaction of cellulose with acetic and butyricanhydrides.DISCUSSIONCAB is typically used in solvent based liquid inks.cellulose acetate proprionate(CAP),nsynthetic polymersformed by the reaction of cellulose with acetic and propionicanhydrides.DISCUSSIONCAP is typically used in solvent based liquid inks.cellulose ester,ncellulose in which some or all of the freehydroxyl groups are replaced by acidic groups.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1,2021.Published June 2021.Originallyapproved in 2013.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7805 13.DOI:10.1520/D7805-13R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1cellulose ethers(ethyl cellulose),nsynthetic polymersformed by the reaction of wood pulp with sodium hydroxideand ethyl chloride.clarity,nthe characteristic of a transparent body wherebydistinct high-contrast images or high-contrast objects(sepa-ra