ASTM_D_6595_-_22.pdf

Designation:D659522Standard Test Method forDetermination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in UsedLubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating DiscElectrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6595;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of wearmetals and contaminants in used lubricating oils and usedhydraulic fluids by rotating disc electrode atomic emissionspectroscopy(RDE-AES).1.2 This test method provides a quick indication for abnor-mal wear and the presence of contamination in new or usedlubricants and hydraulic fluids.1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibrationand does not purport to relate quantitatively the values deter-mined as insoluble particles to the dissolved metals.Analyticalresults are particle size dependent and low results may beobtained for those elements present in used oil samples as largeparticles.1.4 The test method is capable of detecting and quantifyingelements resulting from wear and contamination ranging fromdissolved materials to particles approximately 10 m in size.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5.1 The preferred units are mg/kg(ppm by mass).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,referto Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 arc discharge,na self-sustaining,high currentdensity,high temperature discharge,uniquely characterized bya cathode fall nearly equal to the ionization potential of the gasor vapor in which it exists.3.2.2 check sample,na reference material usually pre-pared by a laboratory for its own use as a calibration standard,as a measurement control standard,or for the qualification of ameasurement method.3.2.3 contaminant,nmaterial in an oil sample that maycause abnormal wear or lubricant degradation.3.2.4 counter electrode,neither of two graphite electrodesin an atomic emission spectrometer across which an arc orspark is generated.3.2.5 graphite rod electrode,na soft form of the elementcarbon manufactured into the shape of a rod for use as acounter electrode in arc/spark spectrometers for oil analysis.3.2.6 profiling,nto set the actual position of the entranceslit to produce optimum measurement intensity.3.2.7 standardization,nthe process of reestablishing andcorrecting a calibration curve through the analysis of at leasttwo known oil standards.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved Oct.1,2022.Published October 2022.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6595 17.DOI:10.1520/D6595-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2.8 uptake rate,nthe amount of oil sample that isphysically carried by the rotating disc electrode into the arc foranalysis.3.2.9 wear metal,nmaterial resulting from damage to asolid surface due to relative motion between that surface and acontacting substance or substance