ASTM_D_7721_-_11.pdf

Designation:D772111Standard Practice forDetermining the Effect of Fluid Selection on HydraulicSystem or Component Efficiency1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7721;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids.1.2 This practice is applicable to both laboratory and fieldevaluations.1.3 This practice gives overall guidelines for conductingscience-based evaluations.It does not prescribe a specificefficiency test methodology.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4174 Practice for Cleaning,Flushing,and Purification ofPetroleum Fluid Hydraulic SystemsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum,PetroleumProducts,and Lubricants2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4391 Hydraulic fluid powerPumps,motors and inte-gral transmissionsparameter definitions and letter sym-bolsISO 5598 Fluid power systems&components-VocabularyISO 8426 Hydraulic fluid powerPositive displacementpumps and motorsDetermination of derived capacity3.Terminology3.1 For additional definitions related to petroleum productsand lubricants,please refer to Terminology D4175.For addi-tional definitions related to fluid power systems andcomponents,please refer to ISO 5598.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 component,nof a hydraulic system,an individualunit,excluding piping,comprising one or more parts designedto be a functional part of a fluid power system,for example,cylinder,motor,valve,or filter.3.2.2 critical parts,nthose components used in the testthat are known to affect test severity.3.2.3 fit for use,nproduct,system,or service that issuitable for its intended use.3.2.4 grade,ndesignation given a material by a manufac-turer so that it is always reproduced to the same specificationsestablished by the manufacturer.3.2.5 hydraulic fluid,nliquid used in hydraulic systemsfor lubrication and transmission of power.3.2.6 hydraulic system,nfluid power system that is anarrangement of interconnected components which generates,transmits,controls and converts fluid power energy.3.2.7 hydromechanical motor effciency,nratio of theactual torque to the derived torque.3.2.8 hydromechanical pump effciency,nratio of the de-rived displacement to absorbed hydraulic torque.3.2.9 motor overall effciency,nratio of the mechanicaloutput power to the power transferred from the liquid at itspassage through the motor.3.2.10 motor volumetric effciency,nratio of the derivedinlet flow rate to the effective outlet flow rate.3.2.11 outlier,nresult far enough in magnitude from otherresults to be considered not part of the set.3.2.11.1 DiscussionFor purposes of this practice,classifi-cation of a result as an outlier shall be justified by statisticalcriteria in comparison with the valid data points.3.2.12 pump overall effciency,nratio of the power trans-ferred to the liquid,at its passage through the pump,to themechanical input power.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N0 onHydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published September 2011.DOI:10.1520/D772111.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,CP 56,CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.13 pump volumetric effciency,nratio of the effectiveoutput flow rate to the derived output flow rate.3.2.14 reference oil,noil of known performance charac-teristics used as a basis for comparison.3.2.14.1 DiscussionFor purposes of this practice,the ref-erence oil may be a hydraulic fluid of any suitable composition.3.2.15 test oil,nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.2.15.1 DiscussionFor purposes of this practice,the testoil may be a hydraulic fluid of any suitable composition.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 design of experiment,DOE,nstatistical arrangementin which an experimental program is to be conducted and theselection of the levels(versions)of one or more factors orfactor combinations