ASTM_E_2677_-_14.pdf

Designation:E267714Standard Test Method forDetermining Limits of Detection in Explosive TraceDetectors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2677;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 In harmony with the Joint Committee for Guides inMetrology(JCGM)and detection concepts of the InternationalUnion of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)(1,2,3)2,thistest method uses a series of replicated measurements of ananalyte at dosage levels giving instrumental responses thatbracket the critical value,a truncated normal distributionmodel,and confidence bounds to establish a standard fordetermining practical and statistically robust limits of detectionto analytes sampled on swabs by explosive trace detectors(ETDs).1.2 Here,the limit of detection(LOD90)is defined to be thelowest mass of a particular compound deposited on a samplingswab for which there is 90%confidence that a single mea-surement in a particular ETD will have a true detectionprobability of at least 90%and a true nondetection probabilityof at least 90%when measuring a process blank sample.1.3 This particular test method was chosen on the basis ofreliability,practicability,and comprehensiveness across testedETDs,analytes,and deployment conditions.The calculationsinvolved in this test method are published elsewhere(4),andmay be performed consistently with an interactive web-basedtool available on the National Institute of Standards andTechnology(NIST)site:http:/pubapps.nist.gov/loda.1.4 Intended UsersETD developers,ETD vendors,ETDbuyers,ETD testers,ETD users(first responders,securityscreeners,and the military),and agencies responsible forpublic safety and enabling effective deterrents to terrorism.1.5 While this test method may be applied to any detectiontechnology that produces numerical output,the procedureshave been designed for ion mobility spectrometry(IMS)basedETD systems and tested with low vapor pressure explosivecompounds.Compounds are deposited as liquid solutions onswabs and dried before use.As some swabs are absorbent,thisdeposition procedure may not be optimal for those ETDtechnologies that rely on high coverage of analyte on thesurface of the swab.Background interferences introduced tothe test samples were representative of a variety of conditionsexpected during deployment,but these conditions were notintended as comprehensive in representing all possible sce-narios.The user should be aware of the possibility that untestedscenarios may lead to failure in the determination of a reliableLOD90 value.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard.No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D6091 Practice for 99%/95%Interlaboratory DetectionEstimate(IDE)for Analytical Methods with NegligibleCalibration ErrorE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE200 Practice for Preparation,Standardization,and Storageof Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical AnalysisE288 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric FlasksE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory VolumetricApparatusE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE969 Specification for Glass Volumetric(Transfer)PipetsE1154 Specification for Piston or Plunger Operated Volu-metric Apparatus1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.01 on CBRNE Sensors and Detectors.Current edition approved Feb.1,2014.Published February 2014.DOI:10.1520/E2677-14.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E1323 Guide for Evaluating Laboratory Measurement Prac-tices and the Statistical Analysis of the Resulting DataE2520 Practice for Verifying Minimum Acceptable Perfor-mance of Trace Explosive DetectorsE2655 Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results andUse of the Term Measurement Uncertainty