ASTM_D_87_-_09_2014.pdf

Designation:D8709(Reapproved 2014)Technical Association of Pulpand Paper IndustryStandard Method T 630m-61Method 1402-Federal TestMethod Standard No.791bBritish Standard 4695Designation:55/77(83)Standard Test Method forMelting Point of Petroleum Wax(Cooling Curve)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D87;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the meltingpoint(cooling curve)of petroleum wax.It is unsuitable forwaxes of the petrolatum group,microcrystalline waxes,orblends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax.NOTE1For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes,seeTest Method D127 and Test Method D938.Results may differ,dependingon the method used.For pharmaceutical petrolatum,Test Method D127usually is used.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of PetroleumWax,Including PetrolatumD938 Test Method for Congealing Point of PetroleumWaxes,Including PetrolatumD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 melting point(cooling curve)of petroleum waxtemperature at which melted petroleum wax first shows aminimum rate of temperature change when allowed to coolunder prescribed conditions.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe so-called“American MeltingPoint”is arbitrarily 1.65C(3F)above the Melting Point(Cooling Curve)of Petroleum Wax.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In Procedure A(Manual Method),a specimen of moltenwax in a test tube fitted with a thermometer or equivalenttemperature measuring device is placed in an air bath,which inturn is surrounded by a water bath held at 16 to 28C(60 to80F).As the molten wax cools,periodic readings of itstemperature are taken.When solidification of the wax occurs,the rate of temperature change decreases,yielding a plateau inthe cooling curve.The temperature at that point is recorded asthe melting point(cooling curve)of the sample.4.2 In Procedure B,an automatic analyzer is used.As themolten wax cools,the sample temperature decrease is mea-sured every 15 s in 0.01C(0.1F)readings.The melting pointis considered to be reached when five consecutive measure-ments are constant within a given temperature interval,usually0.1C(0.2F).5.Significance and Use5.1 Melting point(cooling curve)is a test that is widelyused by wax suppliers and consumers.it is particularly appliedto petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystal-line in nature.A plateau occurs with specimens containingappreciable amounts of hydrocarbons that crystallize at thesame temperature,giving up heat of fusion,thus temporarilyretarding the cooling rate.In general,petroleum waxes withlarge amounts of non-normal hydrocarbons or with amorphoussolid forms will not exhibit a plateau.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.In the IP,this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee.This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1966.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1921.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D87 09.DOI:10.1520/D0087-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Apparatus6.1 The necessary apparatus for Procedure A is described inAnnex A1.6.2 The automatic instrument consists of a bath(forexample,an aluminum block with two measuring locations,two apertures to place the test tubes,and two apertures for thetemperature probes).The apparatus may have an accessorydigital display and a printer.6.2.1 The temperature of the bath is maintained between 22and 26C(72 and 79F).A heating device is used to increasethe temperature,and a cooling device with cold water circula-tion is used to decrease the temperature.6.2.2 The temperature may