ASTM_D_7163_-_11.pdf

Designation:D716311Standard Test Method forSpecular Gloss of Printed Matter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7163;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe specular gloss of printed matter.1.2 This test is applicable to prints on any flat substrateincluding paper,paperboard,metallic foil and plastic producedby any printing process,either in the laboratory or on aproduction printing press.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,is any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD528 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper andPaperboard(Withdrawn 2010)3D1223 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Paper and Paper-board at 75(Withdrawn 2010)3D5039 Test Methods for Identification of Wire Side of Paper(Withdrawn 2009)3D7305 Test Method for Reflection Density of Printed MatterE284 Terminology of Appearance2.2 ISO Standard:4ISO 12647 Graphic TechnologyProcess Control for theManufacture of Half-Tone Colour Separations,Proofs andProduction Prints3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 gloss,nangular selectivity of reflectance,involvingsurface reflected light,responsible for the degree to whichreflected highlights or images of objects may be seen assuperimposed on a surface(Terminology E284);surface lusteror shine.3.1.2 specular gloss,ngloss when the angle of viewing isthe same as that of the lighting(Terminology E284).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Printed samples are selected that are the same color/shade and uniformly produced at equal reflection density or atknown ink film thickness.4.2 The specimens are placed on a flat surface atop thedesignated backing material.4.3 Acalibrated glossmeter is positioned on the specimen ina consistent print direction.The most prevalent glossmeterangle for printed matter is 60 degrees(30 degrees from theplane of the specimen).4.4 Depending on the size of the print,gloss measurementsare made on three to five different positions on each specimen.The mean values from three specimens are averaged forreporting purposes.5.Significance and Use5.1 Specular gloss is a very important appearance parameterof printed matter.High gloss may be preferred for somepurposes such as magazine covers,packaging and advertising,while lower gloss is preferred for minimizing glare,forexample,in reading text.5.2 This method provides a means of determining gloss ofprints produced in the laboratory,or to monitor print gloss ona production printing press.6.Apparatus6.1 Specular glossmeter,preferably a multi-angle modelhaving 20,60,and 85 geometry;alternatively,a single-anglemodel having 60 or other geometry as agreed upon betweenproducer and user.Table 1 lists recommended angles forvarious purposes.6.2 Reflection-densitometer,for determining reflection den-sity.7.Materials1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7163-05(2010).DOI:10.1520/D7163-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.1 Unprinted substrate(optional),identical to that used forthe printed sample.7.2 Backing material,for use during instrumental measure-ments.The backing material must be consistent for all speci-mens especially when conducting comparative testing.Byagreement between producer and user,the backing for papersubstrates may be a standard matte black or unprinted paper ina sufficient amount to eliminate any influence from the surfaceof the measuring table.For clear substrates,a standard matteblack or standard opaque white may be used as the backingmaterial.8.Test Samples8.1 This test method does not cover preparation of printedsamples.When preparing prints in the laboratory,specialattention must be paid to the amount of ink applied.Theamount of ink applied to the s