ASTM_D_7112_-_19.pdf

Designation:D711219Standard Test Method forDetermining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oilsand Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer(OpticalDetection)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7112;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involv-ing titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenesfor determining the stability and compatibility parameters ofrefinery residual streams,residual fuel oils,and crude oils.Stability in this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes ina peptized or dissolved state and not undergo flocculation orprecipitation.Similarly,compatibility relates to the property ofmixing two or more oils without precipitation or flocculation ofasphaltenes.1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products fromatmospheric and vacuum distillation,from thermal,catalytic,and hydrocracking processes,to products typical of Specifica-tions D396,Grades No.5L,5H,and 6,and D2880,Grades No.3-GT and 4-GT,and to crude oils,providing these productscontain 0.05 mass%or greater concentration of asphaltenes.1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain lessthan 0.05%asphaltenes,and would be pointless to apply tounstable oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6560 Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes(Hep-tane Insolubles)in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-ucts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of some terms used in this test method,such as crude oil,repeatability,reproducibility,and residualfuel oil,refer to Terminology D4175.3.1.2 asphaltenes,n(rarely used in the singular),in petro-leum technology,represent an oil fraction that is soluble in aspecified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of anexcess of a specified paraffinic solvent.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the aromatic sol-vent is xylene and the paraffinic solvent is n-heptane.3.1.3 compatibility,nof crude oils or of heavy fuel oils,the ability of two or more crude oils or fuel oils to blendtogether within certain concentration ranges without evidenceof separation,such as the formation of multiple phases.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIncompatible heavy fuel oils or crudeoils,when mixed or blended,result in the flocculation orprecipitation of asphaltenes.Some oils may be compatible1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability,Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved June 1,2019.Published June 2019.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7112 18.DOI:10.1520/D7112-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 within certain concentration ranges in specific mixtures,butincompatible outside tho