ASTM_D_6493_-_11_2015.pdf

Designation:D649311(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forSoftening Point of Hydrocarbon Resins and Rosin BasedResins by Automated Ring-and-Ball Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6493;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods are intended for determining thesoftening point of hydrocarbon resins,rosin based resins andsimilar materials by means of an automated ring-and-ballapparatus.Portions are similar in technical content to theautomated-apparatus versions of Test Methods D36,E28,andISO 4625.1.1.1 The ring-and-ball softening point of a hydrocarbonresin and rosin based resins may also be determined with lowerprecision using the manual ring-and-ball softening point pro-cedure in Test Methods E28.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard method does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derivedfrom Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbons,by Ring-and-Ball ApparatusE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 4625 Binders for paints and varnishesDeterminationof softening pointRing-and-ball method33.Summary of Test Method3.1 These test methods are for the determination of thesoftening pointthe temperature at which a disk of the resinheld within a horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of25.4 mm(1.00 in.)under the weight of a standard steel ball,asthe specimen is heated at 5C/min.in a specified liquid bath.4.Significance and Use4.1 For hydrocarbon resins and rosin based resins,softeningdoes not take place at a definite temperature.As the tempera-ture rises,these materials gradually change from brittle solidsor very viscous liquids to less viscous liquids.For this reason,determination of the softening point must be made by a fixed,arbitrary,and closely defined method if the results obtained areto be comparable.5.Sample Preparation5.1 Preparation of Sample by the Pour Method:Thisprocedure is suitable for resins that can be heated and pouredwithout adverse effect on the softening point.5.1.1 Select a sample representative of the material to betested.The sample should consist of flakes,pastilles,or brokenlumps.Avoid inclusion of finely divided material or dust.5.1.2 Select a quantity of resin having a volume at leasttwice that necessary to fill the desired number of rings,andmelt it in a clean container,using an oven,hot plate,sand bathor oil bath to prevent local overheating.If necessary,stirslowly,taking care to avoid incorporating air bubbles in thesample.Melt the sample completely,but do not heat it above atemperature necessary to pour the material readily.The timefrom the beginning of heating to pouring should not exceed 15min.5.1.3 For materials that tend to crack or shrink in the ring oncooling,immediately before filling the ring,preheat the ring to1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and HydrocarbonResins.Current edition approved Dec.1,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6493 11.DOI:10.1520/D6493-11R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 approximately the temperature at which the material is to bepoured.The ring,while being filled,should rest bottom down(see Fig.1(a)on a suitable metal surface.Pour the sample intothe ring so as to leave an excess on cooling.After cooling aminimum of 30 min.,trim off the excess resin from the top andoutside of the ring.To remove excess resin from the top,cut theexcess off cleanly with a heated knife or spatula,or grasp thering in a pair of tongs and draw the top s