ASTM_D_7407_-_07_2012.pdf

Designation:D740707(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide for DeterminingThe Transmission of Gases Through Geomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7407;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1This guide is used as a discussion of the relevancy ofseveral methods to obtain the vapor transmission of geomem-branes.1.2 This guide discusses applicable test methods,test mate-rials and conditions.1.3 The guide assumes the material being measured exhibitsFickian behavior.1.4 This guide does not purport to critique barrier systempermeability,1.5 The guide does not address transmission through seams,1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1434 Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability Char-acteristics of Plastic Film and SheetingD3985 Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission RateThrough Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a CoulometricSensorD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsF1249 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission RateThrough Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a ModulatedInfrared SensorF1769 Test Method for Measurement of Diffusivity,Solubil-ity,and Permeability of Organic Vapor Barriers Using aFlame Ionization Detector(Withdrawn 2004)3F1927 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen Gas Trans-mission Rate,Permeability and Permeance at ControlledRelative Humidity Through Barrier Materials Using aCoulometric Detector3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of terms applying to this test methodappear in Terminology D44393.1.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics,nair main-tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70%and atemperature of 21 6 2C(70 6 4F).4.Summary of Guide4.1 This guide gives commentary as to the relevancy ofseveral methods to obtain Fickian diffusion through a geomem-brane.The tests evaluate gas and vapor transfer throughsemi-permeable and permeable geomembranes.The data isimportant for design of containment systems.5.D1434 Test Method for Determining Gas PermeabilityCharacteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting5.1 This test method covers the estimation of the steady-state rate of transmission of a gas through plastics in the formof film,sheeting,laminates,and plastic-coated papers orfabrics.This test method provides for the determination of(1)gas transmission rate(GTR),(2)permeance,and,in the case ofhomogeneous materials,(3)permeability.5.2 Two procedures are provided:M Manometric and VVolumetric.5.3 This is an old test which relies of the physical measure-ment of gas through a geomembrane with respect to log time.This test has poor accuracy and takes a very long time.6.D3985 Test Method for Oxygen Gas TransmissionRate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Cou-lometric Sensor6.1 This test method covers a procedure for determinationof the steady-state rate of transmission of oxygen gas through1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosyntheticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edition approved Jan.1,2012.Published January 2012.DOI:10.1520/D7407-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 plastics in the form of film,sheeting,laminates,coextrusions,or plastic-coated papers or fabrics.It provides for the determi-nation of(1)oxygen gas transmission rate(O2GTR),(2)thepermeance of the film to oxygen gas(PO2),and(3)oxygenpermeability coefficient(PO2)in the case of homogeneousmaterials.7.2 7.36.2 This test method does not purport to be the only methodfor measurement of O2GTR.There may be other methods ofO2GTR determination that use other oxygen sensors andprocedures.6.3 This method is used in the food packaging industry wereplastic films rather than sheet are used.The method looks atoxygen transmission exclusively.Although interesting for foodapplications,results from this method may not correlate well togeomembrane performance in other non-food containmentapplications.7.E96/E96M Standard Test Methods for Water VaporTransmission of Materials7.1 These test methods cover the determination of watervapor transmission(WVT)of materials thro