ASTM_D_7844_-_12.pdf

Designation:D784412Standard Test Method forCondition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants byTrend Analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR)Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7844;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring sootin diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types ofengine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as aresult of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of in-servicefuels.1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitor-ing of soot build-up in in-service lubricants as a result ofnormal machinery operation.Soot levels in engine oils rise assoot particles contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gasrecirculation or a blow-by.This test method is designed as afast,simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of soot inin-service lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose theoperational condition of the machine based on measuring thelevel of soot in the oil.1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring soot inin-service oil and lubricant samples is described in StandardPractice D7418.In this test method,measurement and datainterpretation parameters for soot using both direct trendanalysis and differential(spectral subtraction)trend analysisare presented.1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectralchanges associated with soot in in-service lubricants.For directtrend analysis,values are recorded directly from absorbancespectra and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mmpathlength.For differential trend analysis,values are recordedfrom the differential spectra(spectrum obtained by subtractionof the spectrum of the reference oil from that of the in-serviceoil)and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mmpathlength(or equivalently absorbance units per centimeter).Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixedmaximum value for a single measurement or,alternatively,canbe based on a rate of change of the response measured(1).2Ineither case,such maintenance action limits should be deter-mined through statistical analysis,history of the same orsimilar equipment,round robin tests or other methods inconjunction with the correlation of soot levels to equipmentperformance.NOTE1It is not the intent of this test method to establish orrecommend normal,cautionary,warning or alert limits for any machinery.Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidancefrom the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.1.5 This test method is primarily for petroleum/hydrocarbonbased lubricants but is also applicable for ester based oils,including polyol esters or phosphate esters.1.6 This method is intended as a field test only,and shouldbe treated as such.Critical applications should use laboratorybased methods,such as Thermal Gravimetric(TGA)analysisdescribed in Standard Method D5967,Annex A4.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry(ICP-AES)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related toIn-Service Lubricants.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published January 2013.DOI:10.1520/D7844-12.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products,Lubricating Oils,and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD7412 Test Method for Condition Monitoring of PhosphateAntiwear Additives in In-Service Petroleum and Hydro-carbon Based Lubricants by TrendAnal