2023年语法讲解主谓一致.docx

语法讲解:主谓一致 篇一：主谓一致英语语法详细讲解 主 谓 一 致 英语中，主语的单复数方式决定谓语动词的单复数方式。主谓一致必须遵照以下三条原那么：语法一致原那么、意义一致原那么和就近一致原那么。按照这三条原那么，现从以下几个方面进展总结： 一、并列构造作主语时的主谓一致 1. 由and/both...and...连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般按照语法一致的原那么用复数。 例如：A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个小姐想去那儿。 【留意】假设在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时〔一个冠词〕，谓语动词用单数方式。 例如：① A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。 ② 这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。 2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的描绘词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 例如：Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. 古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。 【留意】假设在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。 3. 当each...and each...，every...and every...，no...and no...，many a...and many a...构造作主语时，谓语动词用单数方式。 例如：① No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没觉察人和动物。 ② Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。 【留意1】Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise.〔习惯用语〕 【留意2】one and a half+复数名词+复数谓语动词 a(an)+单数名词and a half+4. 由not only A but also B，not A but B，neither A nor B，either A or B，whether A or B，A or B连接的并列主语和there be构造，谓语动词通常按照就近一致原那么决定。 例如：① Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运发动确实是教练应该对这次竞赛的失利负责。 ② There are some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. 【留意1】由no A but B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常按照A决定。 例如：No one in the department but Tom and I knows that the direct is going to resign. 【留意2】由nobody but B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常按照nobody决定，用单数。 例如：Nobody but Susan knows the secret. 【留意3】由all but B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常按照all决定，用复数。 例如：All but one were here just now. 【留意4】由no one except B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常按照no one决定，用单数。 例如：No one except John and Mike has passed the examination. 【总结】以上构造中，but和except属于介词，谓语动词有前面的主语确定。 【留意5】a(an)+单数名词+or two+单数谓语动词 one or two+复数名词+复数谓语动词 【留意6】There is one or two letters I would like to answer this evening.〔就近一致〕 5. 当主语由as well as，along with，together with，with；but，except，besides，in addition to, rather than；like，including，no less than〔不少于，多达〕等词连接时，其谓语动词的单复数方式通常由前面的词来决定。 例如：① An iron and steal works, with some satellite factories is to be built here. 在这里将建立一个钢铁厂和一些卫星厂。 ② Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday. 每个星期六,汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 二、百分数和分数作主语时的主谓一致 当百分数、分数后面加“of+名词或代词〞时，按照这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数方式。假设是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；假设是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。 例如：① Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们百分之五十的学生是女生。 ② Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球外表的四分之三是海洋。 三、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 不定代词each，one，another，the other，either，neither (+of 名词/代词)和由some，any，no，every+one或thing构成的复合代词〔即someone, somebody, something; anyone, anybody, anything; no one, nobody, nothing; everyone, everything, everything数方式。 例如：① Neither of us has gone through regular training. 我们两个都没通过正规训练。 ② Nobody wants to go there, does he 没有人想去那儿，是吧？ ③ Something has been done to end the strike. 已经采取措施制止罢工了。 2. little, much 例如：Little has been done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much has been done to fight against pollution. 3. none 例如：① None of us seem to have thought of it. 大概我们全都没有想到这一点. ② None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one) 我们都没有照相机. 4. any+of 例如：If any of your friends is/are interested in it, let me know. 假设你朋友中有人对此感兴趣，请告诉我。 5. both, (a) few, many, several〔+of 例如：Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones. 这两种仪器并不都是精细仪器. 6. all单数。 例如：① All is well that ends well. 结果好一切都好。 ② All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家都急于达成一项协议。 四、表示“全体〞，“局部〞等意义的词作主语时的主谓一致 当主语是some, half, such, most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时，其谓语一般应遵照意义一致的原那么。假设其后有“of+名词/代词〞，of后面的名词是单数，那么用单数；假设of后面的名词表示复数，那么用复数。 例如：① Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. 我们中的三个人去,其余的人留在这里。 ② After the big fire, the remainder is nothing. 大火之后什么也没剩下。 五、“the+描绘词/过去分词〞作主语时的主谓一致 当“the +描绘词/过去分词〞表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；假设指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词那么用单数。 例如：① The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得特别好。 ② The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。 【留意】姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇，作主语时，谓语用复数。 例如：The Zhous live upstairs. 姓周的那家住在楼上。 The Smiths prefer sending e-mails to writing letters, because it is faster. 六、方式为复数，意义为单数的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 常用单数方式。 例如：① Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。 ② Ten pounds was missing from the till. 钱柜里的10英镑不见了。 【留意】More than two weeks has passed already. 2. 例如：Thirty-six from forty-five leaves nine. 四十五减去三十六等于九。 【留意】两数相加或两数相乘，谓语动词既可用单数方式也可用复数方式。 例如：Six times seven are / is forty-two. 六乘以七等于四十二。 3. 主语为以-ics 例如：Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的话题。 4. 以-s结尾的专有名词〔如news, the United States, the United Nations等名称〕作主语时，谓语动词用单数方式。 例如：New York Times has a wide circulation. 纽约时报的销路特别广。 The United States has not intervened currency market since 2023. 美国自2023年以后就没有干预货币市场了。 5. 群岛，山脉，瀑布等专有名词，如the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls语动词用复数方式。 例如：Niagara Falls are a splendid scene. 尼亚加拉瀑布是一个绚丽的景象。 6. 一些方式为复数，表示成双或多多益善的意思，但实际上意思为单数的名词，如trousers, pants, shorts, socks, shoes, clothes；glasses, chopsticks,