ASTM_D_893_-_14_2018.pdf

Designation:D89314(Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forInsolubles in Used Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D893;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentaneand toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils.1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubleswithout the use of coagulant in the pentane.It provides anindication of the materials that can readily be separated fromthe oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging.1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles inoils containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both thepentane and toluene insolubles.In addition to the materialsseparated by using Procedure A,this coagulation procedureseparates some finely divided materials that may be suspendedin the oil.NOTE1Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not becompared since they usually give different values.The same procedureshould be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on anoil in use or when comparing results determined by two or morelaboratories.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see Section 7 and 9.1.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 coagulate,vto cause to become viscous or thickenedinto a coherent mass.3.1.2 coagulated pentane insolubles,nin used oilanalysis,separated matter that results when a coagulant isadded to a solution of used oil in pentane.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe addition of a coagulant will aid inseparating finely divided materials that may have been held insuspension because of the dispersant characteristics of the oil.3.1.3 coagulated toluene insolubles,nin used oil analysis,coagulated and separated matter not soluble in pentane ortoluene.3.1.4 pentane insolubles,nin used oil analysis,separatedmatter resulting when a used oil is mixed with pentane.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the separation iseffected by centrifugation.3.1.5 toluene insolubles,nin used oil analysis,the portionof pentane insolubles not soluble in toluene.3.1.6 used oil,nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment(for example,an engine,gearbox,transformer,orturbine),whether operated or not.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the oil can be anyoil that has been used for lubrication.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 insoluble resins,nin used oil analysis,separatedmatter soluble in toluene but not pentane.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct.1,2018.Published November 2018.Originallyapproved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D893 14.DOI:10.1520/D0893-14R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.1.1 DiscussionInsoluble resins can be calculated foreither Procedure A or B by subtracting the toluene insolublesfrom the pentane insolubles.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AA representative sample of used lub