ASTM_D_8037_-_D_8037M_-_16.pdf

Designation:D8037/D8037M16Standard Practice forDirect Push Hydraulic Logging for Profiling Variations ofPermeability in Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8037/D8037M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes a method for rapid delineation ofvariations in formation permeability in the subsurface using aninjection logging tool.Clean water is injected from a port onthe side of the probe as it is advanced at approximately 2cm/sinto virgin soils.Logging with the injection tool is typicallyperformed with direct push equipment,however other drillingmachines may be modified to run the logs by direct pushmethods(for example,addition of a suitable hammer and/orhydraulic ram systems).Injection logs exceeding 100 ft 30mdepth have been obtained.Direct push methods are notintended to penetrate consolidated rock and may encounterrefusal in very dense formations or when cobbles or bouldersare encountered in the subsurface.However,injection logginghas been performed in some semi-consolidated or soft forma-tions.1.2 This standard practice describes how to obtain a realtime vertical log of injection pressure and flow rate with depth.The data obtained is indicative of the variations of permeabilityin the subsurface and is typically used to infer formationlithology.The person(s)responsible for review,interpretationand application of the injection logging data should be familiarwith the logging technique as well as the soils,geology andhydrogeology of the area under investigation.1.3 The injection logging system may be operated with abuilt in electrical conductivity sensor to provide additional realtime information on stratigraphy and is essential for targetingtest zones.Other sensors,such as fluorescence detectors(Practice D6187),a membrane interface probe(PracticeD7352)or a cone penetration tool(Test Method D5778)maybe used in conjunction with injection logging to provideadditional information.The use of the injection logging tool inconcert with an electrical conductivity array or cone penetra-tion tool is highly recommended(although not mandatory)tofurther define hydrostratigraphic conditions,such as migrationpathways,low permeability zones(for example,aquitards)andto guide confirmation sampling.The EC log and injectionpressure log may be compared in some settings to identify thepresence of ionic contaminants or ionic injectates used forremediation.1.4 The injection logging system does not provide quanti-tative permeability or hydraulic conductivity information.However,injection pressure and flow data may be used toprovide a qualitative indication of formation permeability.Semi-quantitative values of permeability may be obtained bycorrelation of injection logging data with other methods(1-4).2Also,a log of estimated hydraulic conductivity(5)may becalculated for the saturated zone using an empirical modelincluded in some versions of the log viewing software.Thedata allows for estimates of hydraulic conductivity(K)at theinch-scale using the corrected injection pressure and flow rate.1.5 This tool is to be used as a logging tool for the rapiddelineation of variations in permeability,lithology and hy-drostratigraphy in unconsolidated formations.Direct push soilsampling(Guide D6282)and slug testing(Practice D7242)bymeans of groundwater sampling devices(Guide D6001)ordirect push monitoring wells(Guide D6724 and PracticeD6725)may be used to validate injection log interpretation,permeability and hydraulic conductivity estimates.Other aqui-fer tests(Guide D4043)in larger wells can also be used toobtain additional information about permeability and hydraulicconductivity.However,correlation of results from longscreened wells with the fine detail of the hydraulic injection logdata may be difficult at best due to the effect of scale inmeasurements of transmissivity(6).1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026,unless superseded by this standard.1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitspresented in brackets are to be regarded separately asstandard.The values stated in each system may not be exactequivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independentlyof the other.Combining values from the two systems mayresult in non-conformance with the standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Nov.15,2016.Published December 2016.DOI:10.1520/D8037_D8037M-162The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM In