ASTM_D_7973_-_14.pdf

Designation:D797314Standard Guide forMonitoring Failure Mode Progression in Plain Bearings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7973;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONOil analysis is a part of condition-based maintenance programs.Despite the wide use for severaldecades,there is no systematic approach to selecting oil tests based on failure mode analysis.Mostusers select tests primarily based on oil degradation criteria,minimizing the potential for detectingsurface damage and limiting the potential benefits of the oil analysis program.This guide provides anexample of justification for oil analysis from a failure standpoint to include both component wear andfluid deterioration.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers an oil test selection process for plainbearing applications by applying the principles of FailureMode and Effect Analysis(FMEA)as described in GuideD7874.1.2 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure stand-point and includes both the bearing wear and fluid deteriora-tion.1.3 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability,reducing maintenance costs,and enhancing the condition-based maintenance program primarily for industrial machineryby applying analytical methodology to an oil analysis programfor the purpose of determining the detection capability ofspecific failure modes.1.4 This guide reinforces the requirements for appropriateassembly and operation within the original design envelope,aswell as the need for condition-based and time-based mainte-nance.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry(ICP-AES)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products,Lubricating Oils,and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD7685 Practice for In-Line,Full Flow,Inductive Sensor forFerromagnetic and Non-ferromagnetic Wear Debris De-termination and Diagnostics for Aero-Derivative and Air-craft Gas Turbine Engine BearingsD7690 Practice for Microscopic Characterization of Par-ticles from In-Service Lubricants by Analytical Ferrogra-phyD7874 Guide for Applying Failure Mode and Effect Analy-sis(FMEA)to In-Service Lubricant Testing1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.96.04 on Guidelines for In-Services Lubricants Analysis.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published February 2015.DOI:10.1520/D7973-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.2 Other Documents:3ISO 4407 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluid ContaminationDetermination of ParticulateISO 11500 Hydraulic Fluid PowerDetermination of theParticulate Contamination Level of a Liquid Sample byAutomatic Particle Counting Using the Light-extinctionPrinciple3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bearing failure,nthe termination of the bearingsability to perform its design function.3.1.2 bearing failure initiation,nthe moment a bearingstarts to perform outside of its design function measured byperformance characteristics.3.1.3 cause(s)of failure,nunderlying source(s)for eachpotential failure mode that can be identified and described byanalytical testing.3.1.4 design function,nfunction or task that the system orcomponents should perform.3.1.5 detection ability number,D,nranking number thatdescribes the ability of a specific fluid test to successfullydetect a failure modes cause or effects.Ascale is used to gradedetection ability numbers.3.1.6 dynami